Many people have question about Karst, What is Karst?
Karstic landscapes are found all over the world, ranging from dotted hills to sinkholes, as can be found in parts of the central United States. The term “karst” refers to a particular type of landscape resulting from the dissolution of soluble rocks, including limestone and gypsum. The landscape is characterized by natural features such as caves and springs that feed more than 25% of the world’s population. The karst formation process is a geological process that takes many years, resulting in unique surface and subsoil formations, some of which form drainage systems and complex underground caves. Around 10% of the earth’s surface is occupied by the karstic landscape.
The karst formation process is linked to what is known as the “carbon dioxide cascade”. The process takes place when the surface of the basements, especially around cracks, is degraded by acidic water. Karst formation varies from region to region. As rain passes through the atmosphere, carbon dioxide dissolves in the water. Once rain droplets reach the surface, water enters the soil, dissolving more CO2to form weak carbonic acid water.
The infiltrated water erodes cracks and crevices in the rock. With the constant supply of carbonic acid, carbonate rocks such as limestone and gypsum begin to dissolve. The openings on the basement will become larger, with an underground drainage system that will begin to develop, allowing large amounts of water to pass and further increasing the rate of karst formation.
The karstic formation process can result in the formation of several large or small features both at the surface and below ground. On the surface, small elements such as corridors and limestone coatings may be formed in areas having a loose surface. Features such as sinkholes, vertical wells and missing streams are common on medium-sized surfaces.
Some of the large-scale karst features include karst valleys and poljes. Complex systems of underground drainage and large caverns and cave systems are formed below the surface. Another notable karst topography is the common makatea surface in the tropics, formed by erosion along the limestone shoreline.
Although karst features are scattered throughout the world, especially in areas containing soluble rocks, some features require intense searching to be noticed. The Nullarbor Plain in Australia is the largest limestone karst in the world. It occupies an area of approximately 77,000 square miles. Slovenia is one of the most exposed chasms in the world. Highland Rim in the western United States is the second highest karst hazard in the world. The Mexican regions of the Yucatan Peninsula and Chiapas are home to some of the most important karst.
Environmental problems induced by karst
Shallow aquifers in karstic areas are vulnerable to groundwater contamination, particularly through agricultural activities and the disposal of solid wastes. Structures built in the sinkholes may be flooded, which could be aggravated by increasing surface runoff or by decreasing storage capacity due to sink filling. The collapse of mine shafts can result in costly destruction of surface properties. The collapse is often caused by a fall in the water table below the regolith-bedrock contact.
Hopefully you have get lot of informatoin about Karst Skinhole, Importance of Karst topography and much more about Karst
They have white sandy beaches and turquoise blue sea or are in the middle of exciting cities – and yet these nine islands are closed to the public. thecountriesof.com explains the secrets hidden behind the dreams-capes. Below are the details of 9 Islands that are not allowed to visit for public.
The Hawaii island of Ni’ihau has been completely closed to visitors since 1915. On the belonging to Hawaii 180 square kilometer island Ni’ihau live the approximately 200 inhabitants of collecting and hunting. Access is only allowed to people who have been specifically invited by the islanders. The only exception: since the early 1990s, tourists can book a multi-thousand-euro hunting trip on Ni’ihau. Otherwise, the Coast Guard strictly keeps every inquisitive visitor away. it is one of the islands that are not allowed to visit for public.
A aerial view of North Sentinel Island, in India’s southeastern Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Monday, Nov 14, 2005.
Just recently, the Sentinelese tribe returned to the headlines: A young US tourist, who probably wanted to proselytize the tribe living in the Indian Ocean far away from civilization, was shot at with arrows and died. His body will probably never be recovered, because the Indian authorities have forbidden it because of incidents like this to enter the island – too dangerous! If anything, you should only look North Sentinel Iceland from a distance, as seen from the air. Its forbidden island for public and this island is one of the isolated part of world. For more details about this island you can visit this link North Sentinel Island
This island is deadly! The reason: At least one island lance-otter can be found on one square meter on the wooded island in front of the metropolis of Sao Paolo . The viper-borne serpents with the lethal bite have expelled the entire human island population that was once native to them. The authorities have therefore prohibited access to the “deadliest island in the world“. This is considered one of the islands that are not allowed to visit.
4. Plum Island, New York
On the only seven square kilometer island off New York were once the foot and mouth disease and rinderpest explored. Since live pathogens, which can be dangerous to both animals and humans, are stored in the high-security center there for the study of animal diseases and diseases, only authorized researchers are allowed access. Plum Island is not far from Long Island. Not everyone has access to the island: Google Earth
5. North Brother Island, New York
The 5.3-kilometer island in the Hudson River once served as a quarantine center for urban people with smallpox or typhoid fever. In the 1950s, island hosted a drug detoxification center. Today, the island can not be entered and is closed to the public.
6. Riems, Germany
Friedrich Loeffler, a pupil of Robert Koch, founded the world’s first virus research institute in 1910 on the lagoon near Greifswald (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern). After the Nazis later researched biological weapons on the island, scientists of the Friedrich Löffler Institute are still investigating dangerous epidemics on Riems. Therefore, the island is strictly sealed off from the public.
7. Farallon Islands, USA
The rugged volcanic islands lie off the coast of San Francisco in California – and there is an invisible danger lurking there: Because between 1946 and 1970 radioactive waste around the Farrallon Islands were unloaded. They are considered contaminated and are therefore restricted area. Nearly 50,000 containers and steel drums of contaminated waste are on the seabed – lifting them and dumping them elsewhere is, according to experts, too dangerous. Nobody knows exactly how high the degree of danger to the sea and the people really is.
The Frallon Islands are uninhabited except for a Coast Guard and Research Station. However, many birds live here.
8. Gruinard Island, Scotland
From the mainland of Scotland, the island can be reached in ten minutes by rowboat. Because tests were carried out on sheep on the island during the Second World War with the anthrax bacterium, also known as anthrax. Today it is too dangerous to visit them. In the 1940s, bio-warfare agents were tested on Gruinard Island in Scotland.
9. Poveglia, Italy
The island in the lagoon of Venice is considered cursed since a doctor conducted experiments on patients at the psychiatric hospital there. For about 50 years she is uninhabited. And because the buildings have become very dilapidated, no one is allowed to enter.
Thanks for reading the 9 islands that are not allowed to visit for public around the world. Please share the article in your circle to give us credit for this effort. Thank you! keep visiting thecountriesof.com for more interesting content across the world.
There are 11 countries whose names begin with A. A is the most popular letter for country names. It is interesting to note that all countries that start with letter A also end in A, with the exception of Azerbaijan.
How many Countries Start with letter A?
Answer: There are 11 number of countries that start with letter A.
Afghanistan is a country in South Asia inhabited by 34,656,032 people as of 2016. It is the largest country in the world with a total area of 40 miles. The capital of Afghanistan is Kabul. The word “Afghanistan” comes from the term “Afghan” which was born in the 12th century. The suffix of “-stan” is commonly used in countries because it is Persian for “place”. Afghanistan is sometimes written as Afghanestan.
Albania
Albania is a country in south-eastern Europe located in the Balkan region. The capital of the Republic of Albania is Tirana. The country occupies an area of 11,100 square miles. The name Albania comes from the Latin language and was used to describe the Albanian people. In Albanian, Albania is called Shqipëria.
Algeria
Algeria is the largest country in Africawith a total area of 919,595 square miles. It is also the tenth largest country in the world. Its capital is Algiers and, as of 2016, the country’s population estimate was 40.4 million. In the Berber language, Algeria is called Dzayer . In French, it is Algeria . The country of Algeria owes its name to the city of Algiers, which comes from the Arabic word for “islands”.
Andorra
The principality of Andorra is located between France and Spain. The nation’s capital is Andorra de la Vella. It has a total area of 180.55 square miles and, as of 2009, its population has been estimated at 84,082. It is not known exactly where the name Andorra comes from.
Angola
The capital of the Republic of Angola is Luanda. The nation is located in the southern region of Africa. It has an area of 481,400 square miles, making it the largest country in the world. Angola has approximately X million people. In the Umbundu, Kimbundu and Kikongo languages, Angola is called Ngola. the name Angola itself comes from the Kimbundu language, as it is derived from the name Kimbundu for king.
Antigua and Barbuda
The island of Antigua and Barbuda is located in the eastern part of the Caribbean Sea, on the edge of the Atlantic Ocean. Its capital, St. John, is the largest port and the largest city on the island of Antigua. The country covers a total area of 170, and it is estimated that it is inhabited by approximately 81,799. Its official language is English. The island of Antigua owes its name to a church located in Spain. The name Barbuda comes from an indigenous word meaning “island of herons”.
Argentina
The Argentine Republic is the second largest country in South America with square kilometers of area. Its capital is Buenos Aires. According to a census carried out in the country at 1,073,500, Argentina has a population of around 2014. The name Argentina is derived from the Latin word for money.
Armenia
The Republic of Armenia is located on the highlands of Armenia in the western part of Asia. The capital of Armenia is Yerevan. It is also the largest city in the country. Armenia occupies square kilometers in area and has approximately 11,484. In Armenian, Armenia is called Hayastan . The origins of the name are unknown.
Australia
The Commonwealth of Australia is located in the southern hemisphere of the globe. Continental Australia is a continent in its own right. With its constituent islands, the nation covers an area of 2,969,907 square miles. Canberra is the capital of the country while Sydney is its largest city. The population estimate of Australia as of 2018 is 24,803,900. The name Australia comes from the Latin word for “Southern”.
Austria
The Republic of Austria is a central European country populated by approximately 8,794,267. The country covers square kilometers of area. The capital of Austria is Vienna and the official language of the Austrians is German. In German, Austria is called Österreich, which means “kingdom of the east”.
Azerbaijan
The Republic of Azerbaijan is a transcontinental country located in Asia and Europe. The capital of Azerbaijan is Baku. The total area covered by the nation is 33,400 square miles, and it is inhabited by an estimated 9,165,000 people. The name Azerbaijan comes from the term meaning “protected by sacred fire”.
Aruba does not start with A?
Some sources also include Aruba, a small island nation located in the Caribbean Sea, 18 miles north of the Venezuelan coast. However, although the island also begins with the letter “a”, it is not a sovereign state as it is a country constituting the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
List of Countries starting with the letter A
Countries that start with the letter A
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
Andorra
angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
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What Countries start with letter d? Here we are revealing you the answer of the countries beginning with d. below is the list of countries that start with letter d and this is a general question asked by no. of people around the world.
Ans: There are four countries in the world that start with letter D; and below is the complete description of these countries.
Among these 4 countries that start with D, one is in Africa, 0 is in Asia, one is in Europe, Two are in North America, 0 is in Oceania and 0 is in South America.
Continent
Number of Countries start with D
Africa
1
Asia
0
Europe
1
North America
2
Oceania
0
South America
0
Total
4
Number of Countries Start with D by Continent
More about countries start with D
Frequently Asked Questions About Countries start with D
How many countries in the world start with D?
There are 4 countries in the world start with the letter D. 2.04% of all countries of the world start with D.
How many countries are in Africa?
There is only 1 country in Africa. It is Djibouti.
How many countries are in Asia?
There is 0 country in Asia.
How many countries are in Europe?
There is only 1 country in Europe. Which is Denmark.
How many countries are in North America?
There are 2 countries in North America that start with the letter D. They are Dominica and Dominican Republic.
How many countries are in Oceania?
There is 0 country in Oceania that start with the letter D.
How many countries are in South America?
There is 0 country in South America that start with the letter D.
List of Countries That Start with D
1. Denmark
The name of Denmark comes from the first inhabitants of the country, called the Danes. Denmark borders the Atlantic Ocean and occupies square kilometers 16,573. It is quite green and flat with sandy coasts and receives a lot of rain. Denmark is governed by the monarchy and the parliamentary system. Denmark has almost six million people who are among the happiest in the world because of the infrastructure they have developed, quality education and health services, and equal distribution of resources. Denmark’s official language is Danish.
It is one of the richest and most popular European countries with the highest quality of life. It is also one of the countries beginning with d. It is located at the south-west of Sweden and bordered by Germany, Norway and Sweden. Although, it is a small country in size.However, Denmark has the number of things that are gaining lot of attraction from visitors across the globe. It is officially recognized as the Kingdom of Denmark. It is covering the total area of 42,915.7 sq km. Its population according to the estimates of Jan, 2019 was 5.77 million. According to 2019 growth rate, its GDP per ca-pita is $60,556.39, making it one of the richest countries in the world.
2. Djibouti
The name Djibouti has two meanings: the first comes from the word “Jab Bouti” meaning an animal that feeds on cattle, and the second asserts that the ancient occupants called the Afar named the region “Gabouti”, meaning the plain. The French finally called him Djibouti. Djibouti has been inhabited for more than X years. It became a republic in 3,500. Djibouti is largely a desert.
2019 Population Rank: 160
2019 World Percentage: 0.01%
2019 Growth Rate: 1.53%
Capital City: Djibouti
Region: Africa
Sub-Region: Eastern Africa
GDP (IMF): $2.39 billion
GDP (UN): $1.89 billion
GDP Per Capita: $2,456.96
Djibouti (above, in red) is a small country in East Africa
Djibouti is officially recognized as Republic of Djibouti which is located in the Horn of Africa. It is covering the total area of 23,200 sq km. Its population according to 2019 census is 978,084. Djibouti city is the capital as well as the largest city of this nation and Per ca-pita GDP valued $2676. It is bordered by Eritrea, Ethiopia and Somalia while France and Yemen are its related countries on the earth. It is occupying a strategic geographic location at the mouth of Red Sea and it is considered a most important location for imports and exports.
3. Dominica
Dominica is a Latin word meaning the place where God resides. On Sunday, 3, 1493, Christopher Columbus passed the island and christened it “Sunday.” The former occupants of Dominica were the Kalinago tribe, which was later colonized by the French. They achieved independence in 1978. Dominica is bordered by the Caribbean Sea and is a very small island of only a few square miles. it is one of the countries beginning with d, and it is located in North America.
It is an island country which is officially recognized as the Commonwealth of Dominica. It is covering the total area of only 750 sq km and 1.6% water. Roseau is the capital and the largest city of Dominica. It is a part of Windward Islands. It is North American country having about 71,684 inhabitants. And here the life expectancy rate is 76.60%. Dominica has been given a nickname of “Nature Isle of the Caribbean” because of its unspoiled natural beauty.
4. Dominican Republic
The Dominican Republic is located on the island of Hispaniola and it is covering the total area of 48,442 sq km. In the Pre- Columbian times the islands was inhabited by Tainos. Later on it was occupied by the formal ruling forces of that time such as Spanish and the French forces. At present time, Dominican Republic is inhabited by 10.28 million people. Here Peso is the official language while Per Capita GDP is $9,646. It is the most visited place in Caribbean.
Longest River: Yaque Del Norte River
Lowest Point: Lake Enriquillo -46m
Highest Point: Pico Duarte 3098m
Countries that Start with A
To see the complete list of countries that are starting with letter A, please click the below link
Coronaviruses bring together seven different types of virus, three of which are very dangerous and have led to fatal epidemics in humans (Sras, Mers, 2019-nCoV). What are the symptoms of a corona-virus infection? Can transmission be avoided? Are there treatments?
Definition: what is a coronavirus?
Coronaviruses are a family of various viruses affecting both humans and animals. Their name means ” crown virus ” and comes from the fact that they all have a crown-shaped appearance when viewed under a microscope. Coronaviruses were first identified in humans in the 1960s. They are viruses that cause emerging diseases , that is, new infections caused by changes or mutations in the virus. Human corona-viruses mainly cause respiratory infections, ranging from mild colds to severe pneumonia sometimes lethal. They can also be accompanied by digestive disorders such as gastroenteritis.
Types of coronavirus: SARS, MERS
There are four main subgroups of coronaviruses, called
alpha, beta, gamma and delta. And seven different forms including four common
(less serious than the others):
229E (alpha coronavirus)
NL63 (alpha coronavirus)
OC43 (beta-coronavirus)
HKU1 (beta-coronavirus)
And three more serious:
SARS-CoV (the beta-coronavirus that causes Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, or SARS, identified in China in 2002).
MERS-CoV (the beta coronavirus that causes Middle East respiratory syndrome, or MERS discovered in 2012 in Saudi Arabia).
New Coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV) identified in China in December 2019
2300 cases of MERS-CoV identified between 2012 and 2018, 35%
of which died.
The mortality rate is relatively high for SARS and MERS-CoV,
with respectively nearly 15% and more than 36% of deaths of people affected.
The most sensitive people are those over 65, those suffering from respiratory
pathologies and immunocompromised.
Coronavirus mutation
The coronavirus is an RNA virus with a high mutation rate
like that of the flu or the HIV virus. Coronaviruses are present in very many
animal species and circulate easily from one species to another, which can lead
to death. Coronaviruses can also infect men.
Transmission
Coronaviruses are transmitted from human to human during close contact (touching or shaking hands, for example) and by air , coughing or sneezing . Touching an object or surface with the virus on it, and then touching your mouth, nose, or eyes before washing your hands can also spread the coronavirus. Finally, more rarely contamination can be done by fecal contact.
In the case of the SARS epidemic in 2002, the coronavirus
responsible resulted from an adaptation of a coronavirus initially present in
the bat to a small carnivore (the masked palm civet, consumed in China) at
first, then to the human race.
Incubation time
The incubation time, duration between exposure to the virus
and the manifestation of the first symptoms, is evaluated between 10 and 14
days .
symptoms
Manifestations of coronavirus appear less than 24 hours
after infection. Most commonly, it causes mild to moderate respiratory
illnesses like the common cold with symptoms such as:
headache,
cough,
sore throat,
fever,
a general feeling of unease.
More seriously, it can cause respiratory diseases of the
lower tract such as pneumonia or bronchitis , especially in people with
cardiopulmonary disease, in those with weakened immune systems, in infants and
the elderly.
Treatment
There is no specific treatment for diseases caused by human
coronaviruses. Treatments are symptomatic: take pain and fever medication,
rest, do not go out.
Prevention
To reduce your risk of infection with a coronavirus, it is advisable to:
to wash their hands regularly with soap and water for at least 20 seconds (not to mention the alcohol-based solutions very practical when you can not wash your hands)
avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth when your hands are not washed,
avoid contact with sick people,
wear a mask.
The threat from the virus is “high” internationally according to the WHO. Origin, transmission, symptoms, map of the epidemic, number of cases … What you need to know.
A new virus that appeared in China in December 2019 is
causing panic around the world. As of January 27, the epidemic has reached
2,825 confirmed cases across the country and 81 deaths have been recorded. Twenty-five
provinces of mainland China including Hong Kong and Macao report cases. Several
other countries have confirmed imported cases: Thailand, Japan, Republic of
Korea, United States, Taiwan, Australia, Nepal, Singapore, Vietnam, Malaysia
… The World Health Organization has estimated that the threat to
international is now “high” and no longer “moderate” .
However, it does not consider this epidemic to be a “global health emergency
“.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore have posted a map showing the evolution of the epidemic around the world and the number of confirmed infections and death
How many Countries are effected by coronavirus ?
Human Cases in affected countries
As of January 27, 2020, here is the assessment of the epidemic of the coronavirus type in the world:
Number of cases and deaths due to coronavirus (January 27 )
COUNTRY
NUMBER OF INFECTED PEOPLE
NUMBER OF DEAD
China
2,825
81
macao
6
0
Hong Kong
8
0
Thailand
8
0
United States
5
0
Republic of Korea (South Korea)
4
0
Taiwan
5
0
France
3
0
Singapore
4
0
Malaysia
3
0
Vietnam
2
0
Japan
4
0
Australia
5
0
Nepal
1
0
Cambodia
1
0
TOTAL
2,886
81
SPREAD OF THE EPIDEMIC IN DATES
On December 31, 2019, the World Health Organization in China was informed of several cases of pneumonia in the city of Wuhan. 44 people were infected between that date and January 3, 2020.On January 7, 2020, the Chinese authorities identified a “new type of coronavirus”. On January 13, an imported case was identified in Thailand.On January 15 , the virus caused the death of a first person in Wuhan , a 69-year-old man, sick since December 31, suffering from severe myocarditis and whose state of health has deteriorated.
On January 20, 282 confirmed cases of nCoV 2019 (name given to the virus) were reported in four countries including China (278 cases), Thailand (3 cases), Japan (1 case) and the Republic of Korea (1 case ). The cases outside China concern people who have stayed in the city of Wuhan. The death toll is 6, all in Wuhan.
On January 21, authorities announced 3 more deaths, for a total of 9. A 50-year-old woman is infected with the virus on the island of Taiwan .
On January 22, the National Health Commission in China reported that the death toll rose to 17, all in China.
On January 23, three Chinese cities, including Wuhan, were placed in quarantine.On January 24, the toll climbed to 830 infected people and 26 deaths.
On January 25, three people were infected in France , two in Paris and one in Bordeaux. These are the first cases recorded on the European continent. The three patients who were hospitalized and placed in solitary confinement are said to be “out of danger”. Note that they had all stayed in China. In addition, a first case of coronavirus has been confirmed in Australia. He is a man who had stayed in Wuhan a week ago. Two cases have also been identified in the United States.
On January 27, 2,744 people were infected and 80 died in China . Beijing recorded its first death: a 50-year-old man who had stayed in Wuhan on January 8, and who died from a respiratory failure.
Precautions: what to do if you go to an affected country?
avoid contact with animals, living or dead;
avoid going to markets where live or dead animals are sold;
avoid close contact with people suffering from acute respiratory infection;
not to eat uncooked or under-cooked meat;
wash your hands regularly with soapy water or with alcohol-based solutions;
In case of symptoms of respiratory infection (fever and cough
/ difficulty breathing): it is recommended to wear a surgical mask if one is in
contact with other people and to use disposable tissues, to wash well hands
regularly and promptly consult a doctor locally while traveling in China.
Coronavirus:
questions and answers
The nCov 2019 coronavirus
What is a coronavirus?
Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses, which cause
illnesses ranging from a simple cold (some seasonal viruses are coronaviruses)
to more severe pathologies such as MERS or SARS. The virus identified in China
is a new coronavirus. It was named 2019-nCoV.
What is the mode of transmission?
The first cases identified are people who went directly to
the Wuhan market (closed since January 1): the hypothesis of a disease
transmitted by animals is therefore preferred. Given the new cases reported by
the Chinese health authorities since 19/01, human-to-human transmission has now
been proven.
The evolution of knowledge in the coming weeks will make it
possible to learn more about the modes of transmission of this virus, its level
of transmissibility, its virulence, the incubation period and the animal source
of contamination.
Could the animal source of the virus theoretically include
cooked meat or fish and all types of animals?
When the meat is cooked, the viruses are destroyed.
Consumption of undercooked or undercooked animal products, including milk and
meat, poses a significant risk of infection by a wide variety of organisms that
can cause disease in humans.
Appropriately, prepared animal products, whether by cooking
or pasteurizing them, can be consumed but should also be stored carefully, to
avoid cross-contamination with uncooked food.
Can corona-virus be transmitted by water?
To date, no water contamination has been reported. This
disease is respiratory and probably animal, but the source has not yet been
identified.
Does 2019-nCoV survive in the outdoor environment?
In view of the data available on the survival of
coronaviruses in the outdoor environment (a few hours on dry inert surfaces)
and taking into account the times and conditions of transport with China, the
risk of being infected by nCoV by touching an imported object from China is
considered extremely weak.
Standard hygiene measures (hand washing, surface cleaning)
are effective.
Can the virus be transmitted through sexual fluids?
There is no evidence in favor of transmission by sexual
fluids at this stage.
Are there special measures for medicines produced in China?
There are no special restrictions on the use of medicines
from China
Coronavirus pneumonia 2019-nCov
What are the symptoms of 2019-nCoV respiratory infection?
In the current state of knowledge, the main symptoms are
fever and respiratory signs of cough or shortness of breath. In more severe
cases, the patient may present with acute respiratory distress, acute renal
failure, or even multi-visceral failure that can lead to death.
How serious is the disease?
Among the cases reported to date, several patients have
developed a severe form of the disease, some of whom have died.
The available information suggests that the virus can cause
symptoms similar to those of a moderate flu, but also more severe symptoms. The
disease can also progress over time in a patient. Patients with pre-existing
chronic diseases (such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, liver
disease, and respiratory disease) seem to be more likely to develop severe
forms, as do the elderly.
Analysis of the information available on current and new
cases will increase knowledge of the disease.
How contagious is the disease?
Human-to-human transmission is known, but the number of
secondary cases linked to an initial case has not yet been determined.
Investigations are underway to determine the degree of contagiousness and the
modes of transmission. Intra-family cases are described and some caregivers
have been contaminated by not respecting hygienic precautions such as droplets
(flu model)
How far can one person infect others?
Postilions (sneezing, coughing) transmit the disease. It is
therefore considered that close contact is necessary to transmit the disease.
There is close contact for a person who has shared the same living space as the
sick person when the latter presented symptoms (family, same hospital or
boarding school room) or who had direct contact, face to face , within 1 meter
of the sick person at the time of a cough, sneeze or during a discussion in the
absence of effective protective measures.
What to do if you have been in contact with a
non-symptomatic person coming from an affected area?
To date, contagiousness during the incubation period has not
been proven, we do not have enough evidence to this effect. We are carefully
monitoring the progress of knowledge on this new virus in order to adapt our
procedures to any new element.
Can we predict the evolution of the epidemic?
Modeling work is in progress. Health authorities are closely
monitoring developments in the world. It is of course too early to be certain.
Diagnosis and management
How is the diagnosis of coronavirus pneumonia established?
The diagnosis is suspected before signs of respiratory
infection in a person returning from Wuhan in the 14 days preceding the onset
of symptoms, in accordance with the case definition of Public Health France .
A specific biological examination is necessary to confirm
the 2019-nCoV infection. A rapid detection test has been developed by the
national reference center for respiratory viruses. To date, it is practiced by
the CNR (Institut Pasteur) and is being deployed in other medical biology
laboratories.
What is the procedure for taking charge of suspected cases
in France?
The suspected case identified by a health professional is
reported on 15. The SAMU contacts the nearest infectious disease specialist. At
the end of a questionnaire, the case is classified as possible or excluded. If
it is a possible case, it is then taken care of and isolated in an infectious
diseases department. If a coronavirus infection is excluded, he is taken care
of by his doctor, as usual.
What treatments are available?
To date, no specific treatment has been identified for this
new coronavirus. Several treatments, currently used in other viral pathologies,
are being evaluated, in France and in conjunction with the WHO, to be used
against 2019-nCoV. Pending treatment is symptomatic.
Recommendations for travelers
What are the instructions for people going on a trip?
Travel advice is re-assessed according to the evolution of
the international epidemiological situation and WHO recommendations.
Should we use a mask?
The wearing of the surgical mask is recommended for sick
people who have symptoms, that is to say when they cough or sneeze to avoid
spreading the disease through the postilions (air).
The wearing of this type of mask by the non-sick population
in order to avoid catching the disease is not part of the recommended barrier
measures and its effectiveness has not been demonstrated.
Health professionals in close contact with patients for care
have specific protective equipment.
Are there travel restrictions?
No. Currently, WHO, under the International Health
Regulations (IHR), does not recommend any travel or trade restrictions?
What is a public health emergency of international concern?
The Emergency Committee convened by the Director-General of
WHO considered that the epidemic of new coronavirus 2019-nCoV, which started in
China, constitutes a public health emergency of international scope (USPPI).
The declaration of a USPPI is a measure of recognition of possible national and
regional risks and of the need to intensify and coordinate action to manage
them.
this means
• Strengthen public information and awareness to ensure
their commitment and full participation in the response strategy.
• Reinforce screening on the national territory to guarantee
that no contact is forgotten and improve the quality of screening by improving
the sharing of information with surveillance teams.
• Strengthen surveillance with a view to reducing the time
between detection and treatment of patients and their isolation.
• Put in place exceptional authorizations for medicines and
vaccines that do not have marketing authorization.
• Quickly implement vaccine strategies that can reduce the
spread of this disease as recommended by the WHO Strategic Advisory Group of
Experts (SAGE) on immunization.
• Continue to collaborate and improve coordination with the
United Nations and partners; create an enabling environment for public health
operations, to accelerate disease control efforts.
What measures are described in the International Health Regulations and which could be taken if the situation worsened? The temporary measures that WHO may take are listed in articles 15 to 18 of the International Health Regulations (2005) .
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Under their paradisaical airs, these beaches are however formidable. Be careful not to soak your feet, otherwise you will stay there. TheCountriesOf.Com has collected the info about all the most deadliest and dangerous beaches across the globe.
They send dreams with their breathtaking beauty. White sand, turquoise waters, sun, these idyllic beaches do not look scary. However, many people have lost their lives there.
So better not forget their name to avoid them if you are around, undoubtedly they are enough dangerous.
Sand, sea, palm trees – at first glance they look like many other beaches in the world as well. But the idyll is deceptive. So many a stretch of coast should not be better used for swimming. Shark attacks, currents, radioactivity: Below is the list of most dangerous beaches in the world.
Shipwreck washed up at Bikini Beach, Bikini Atoll, Micronesia, Pacific Ocean, Marshall Islands
Between 1946 and 1958, the Americans used the remote island paradise to detonate nuclear bombs for testing purposes. In the late 1960’s, the Americans released the islands as habitable again – but the returned inhabitants had to leave the atoll a few years later because of increased radiation readings. Nobody lives here so fast anymore. According to researchers, it could take until 2040 before the islands, which are now part of the UNESCO World Heritage, will be habitable again. Some areas have even been declared a restricted area for the next 24,000 (!) Years.
But not only the radiation is a danger to humans. Because the Asian fleets avoided the restricted area around the Bikini Atoll, could develop here an unusually large shark population. The animals are considered extremely aggressive. Whether this also has to do with the nuclear tests, however, is not known.
Bikini Atoll is ranked number 1 among all most deadliest and dangerous beaches .
2: Ponce de Leon Inlet, Florida
He stands there kindly, the red lighthouse at the Ponce de Leon Inlet in Florida. You should not just bathe here: The peninsula, which separates the lagoons and the Halifax River from the Atlantic Ocean, is teeming with sharks. The lighthouse is still worth a trip – because from the top there is a fantastic view.
View from the limestone terraces to the fishing village, Ajuy, Fuerteventura, Canary Islands, Spain, Atlantic, Europe
This black sand beach is located on the Canary Island Fuerteventura. The beach of Ajuy is not suitable for swimming – because of the torrential currents. Numerous swimmers who ventured despite the ban were driven out into the sea and drowned. However, worth the visit of the beach because of the small fishing village above, where you can eat excellent fish.
A natural paradise is the river beach Alter do Chão near Santarém in Brazil. But swimming should be better avoided, because a very cute little animal swims in abundance through the river Tapajós: Piranhas! But boat tours are always worthwhile in this beautiful river landscape. It is one of the most dangerous shore in the world.
5: New Smyrna Beach, Florida
A sign warns of the dangers of “marine life” at New Smyrna Beach in Florida. It refers to tiger sharks and whales that come dangerously close to the coast. Already more often in the past there were unpleasant encounters between humans and shark – sometimes with fatal outcome. It is sometimes consider as world’s most insecure or unsafe beach in the world.But still many of the adventurous people try to access this dangerous beach.
6: Hanakapiai Beach, Hawaii
Na Pali Coast, Kauai, State of Hawaii.
It is one of the most famous beaches in Hawaii: Hanakapiai Beach in the north of the island of Kauai. On the beach a sign warns that you should not get too close to the water. Sharks are certainly there as well, but even more dangerous is the strong and treacherous current that has already pulled many people into the open sea.
7: Stinson Beach, California
Stinson Beach, part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area, in Marin County, in the San Francisco Bay area on a foggy morning, 2016. (Photo by Smith Collection/Gado/Getty Images).
The beach in California is located in the so-called Red Triangle, which is known for a large shark population. Here, white sharks find a large number of sea lions and seals in the water, which is why they are often found near the coast, as well as on Stinson Beach in Marin County. Since the 1990s, there have been two documented shark attacks. In 2013, the beach was closed because of the danger.
The Stinson Beach is located on the so-called Red Triangle, in which high shark populations of different species can be found.
8: Beaches in the Cape Town region, South Africa
South Africa, Muizenberg, Surfers Corner. Information about white sharks.
Sharks are also the problem on the beaches around Cape Town. Some tour operators have taken advantage of this fact and offer diving tours, where you can look directly into the eyes of the Great White Shark. Luckily you are in a cage. Considered to be the most most deadliest and dangerous beaches not only South Africa but across the planet.
9: Praia da Boa Viagem in Recife, Brazil
The city beach of the Brazilian metropolis Recife offers almost everything for a perfect holiday: white sand, palm trees, best weather all year round. But that’s exactly the problem: Baden should not be here, in front of it warning signs everywhere. Because in the water lurk bull sharks, which are among the most aggressive species. Rule of thumb, the inhabitants cocky tourists to the heart: Never go deeper than up to the knee into the water.
One explanation for the large number of sharks is that the animals follow in part the ships that sting from the nearby port of Suape into the sea. In addition to the shark danger Recife also has a high crime rate, which is why it often comes on the beach to raids.
The beach of Boa Viagem in Recife is not suitable for swimming. The reason: a high number of bull sharks. So you hear, how it sound like , the most insecure and unsafe coastline.
10: Cable Beach, Australia
Cable Beach, Broome, Western Australia, Australia, Pacific
How would you like to jump into the cool water? But it does not seem as peaceful as it looks at Cable Beach in Broome, Australia – at least not always. Because here is crocodile alarm! Every now and then, animals from the nearby branches of the river get lost here – most recently a four-meter corokod was spotted on Cable Beach in February of this year. Sharks also like to appear near the coast. In addition, off the north coast of Australia also poisonous jellyfish are up to mischief. Crocodiles may lurk on this beach . The most dangerous beach in Australia is Cable Beach.
The lifeguards on the beach of Zipolite in Mexico have a lot to do each year: huge waves and torrential currents are always the fatal consequences for bathers, despite warning signs. So you better, as the people in the picture, only bathe in shallow water. The Zipolite beach is located in the Mexican state of Oaxaca in the proximity of Puerto Escondido
12: Gansbaai
A paradise for surfers, Gansbaai is one of the most deadliest and dangerous beaches in the world. And for good reason, it is the landmark of sharks in South Africa. And not just any … White people, of course.
13: Cape Tribulation
Located in Australia, this pretty beach looks perfectly harmless. There are not even any sharks, that is to say! On the other hand, beware of jellyfish with deadly stings and cassowaries, these birds of 1.80m and 75kg, fitted with a 12cm claw similar to a dagger. They are considered the most dangerous birds in the world.
It is one of the prettiest beaches in Mexico, popular with nudists. But its name has something to cool. Nicknamed “the beach of the dead” by locals, it kills many tourists every year because of its overpowering underwater currents. It is also considered one of the insecure and unsafe beaches in Mexico as well.
15: Fraser Island in Australia
Australia is famous for its wild spaces, its incredible nature, its paradisaical beaches … and its not very friendly animals! On Fraser Island, everything is there to make you want to flee, despite the white sand and the turquoise sea. Indeed, the largest sandy island in the world is inhabited by thousands of not very welcoming dingoes, crocodiles, sharks and deadly jellyfish.
beaches in Australia The beaches of Cairns and Darwin in the north of Australia are not the safest in the world either … The water is populated by a small jellyfish called Chironex Fleckeri , or more commonly: ” the hands of death. ” They are present between October and May and can kill a man in 5 minute.
17: The island of Kilauea in Hawaii
Hawaii is renowned worldwide for its dream beaches and its countless surf spots. As for example on the island of Kilauea … But be careful: the Kamoamoa volcano sometimes erupts, which does not discourage some surfers. The spectacle is awe-inspiring, however, and swimming prohibited, of course.
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US
kills powerful Iranian general Ghassem Soleimani in Baghdad strike
The head of the
special forces of the Revolutionary Guards was in a convoy of the Popular
Mobilization, a coalition of Shiite militias accused of carrying out attacks
against the Americans.
General Ghassem Soleimani in September 2016 in Tehran
The drone fire that fell on the night of Thursday, January 2 to Friday, January 3, near the Baghdad international airport had a very specific target: vehicles circulating near the air cargo terminal. This convoy was made up of members of the Popular Mobilization (Hachd Al-Chaabi, MP), a coalition of Shiite militias now integrated into the Iraqi state, and several “guests”.
A spectacular
bombardment, which comes three days after an unprecedented attack on the
American embassy by pro-Iranian demonstrators, and while the Iraqi territory
seems to become over the days the scene of an episode of high tension between
the United States and Iran.
Among the five dead confirmed in this new attack, prominent figures in this geopolitical standoff. Starting with the powerful Iranian General Qasem Soleimani, a major figure in the Tehran regime, according to information from Iraqi state television confirmed by the Iranian Revolutionary Guards. Trained in the guards of the revolution, and become head of their elite unit, the Al-Quds forces.
In charge of the
Islamic Republic’s external operations, this charismatic figure has notably exercised
a key influence in political negotiations since 2018 with a view to forming a
government in Iraq. This 62-year-old man with a salt and pepper beard had
also become a real star in Iran in recent years and had very many followers on
his Instagram account.
Debris still on fire after the US attack on a convoy at Baghdad airport on January 3. Social Media / via REUTERS
Trump tweets an American flag
The militias of the MP, whose convoy was targeted, also announced the death of Abu Mahdi Al-Mohandes, their number two. This coalition of paramilitaries, in the process, accused the United States of being responsible for the bombing. A few hours later, President Donald Trump published on his Twitter account the simple image of an American flag, before the Pentagon indicates that he “killed” General Soleimani , at the request of the man who is also commander-in-chief armies.
“I appreciate the
courageous action of President Donald Trump against the Iranian aggression , “ quickly
greeted on social networks the influential Republican senator Lindsey Graham,
the president’s close ally.
“President Trump
has just thrown a stick of dynamite into a powder keg, and he owes the American
people an explanation,” said former vice president Joe Biden, vying for the
Democratic primary in preparation for the presidential election in
november. “Trump’s dangerous escalation brings us closer to
another disastrous war in the Middle East,” said Bernie Sanders,
another favorite in the Democratic primary.
For the President of
the House of Representatives, Democrat Nancy Pelosi, who spoke on Friday, it
is “a dangerous escalation in violence” :
“America – and the
world – cannot afford an escalation of tensions that reaches a point of no
return. “
Calls for revengeBy Iran
In Iran and Iraq,
calls for revenge are increasing. Iran and “free nations in
the region” will take revenge on the United States, President
Hassan Rohani promised in a statement posted on the government website:
“There is no
doubt that the great nation of Iran and the other free nations in the region
will take revenge on criminal America for this horrible murder. “
Earlier, the Iranian
foreign minister, Mohammad Javad Zarif, had denounced an “extremely
dangerous and reckless escalation” . “The United
States bears responsibility for all the consequences of its renegade
adventurism , “ added the diplomat.
On the Iraqi side, the
resigning Prime Minister, Adel Abdel Mahdi, estimated that the American raid
would “start a devastating war in Iraq” ,
denouncing “an aggression against Iraq, its state, its government
and its people”.
Qais Al-Khazali, a
commander of the Popular Mobilization, called on Friday “all the
combatants” to be “ready” , “because
what awaits us is a near conquest and a great victory,” he said.
he writes. He is the leader of Asaïb Ahl Al-Haq, one of the most important
factions of the MP.
Iraqi Shiite leader
Moqtada Sadr, on Friday, ordered his Mahdi Army fighters on Twitter to “stand
by” , reactivating a militia officially dissolved for about a
decade and which had sown the terror in the ranks of American soldiers in Iraq.
Three days of national mourning
The Iranian Supreme
Guide declared three days of national mourning. On his Twitter account in
Farsi, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei calls for revenge for the death of the general.
“Martyrdom is the
reward for his tireless work during all these years . God willing,
his work and his path will not stop there, and an implacable revenge awaits the
criminals who have filled their hands with his blood and that of other
martyrs. “
Iran summoned an
official from the Swiss embassy on Friday to represent US interests in Tehran
in the absence of diplomatic relations between the two countries. A
National Security Council will be convened urgently in Tehran to consider
Iran’s response to the attack, as calls for revenge have multiplied, such as
that of the former head of the Revolutionary Guards, Mohsen Rezai. “Soleimani
has joined our martyred brothers but our revenge on America will be
terrible,” he wrote on Twitter.
For their part, the anti-power demonstrators exult in Baghdad. Dozens of Iraqis who have been conspiring for more than three months in Baghdad and his Iranian godfather sing and dance on Friday morning in Tahrir Square in the Iraqi capital, chanting in particular: “Qasem Soleimani, divine victory has arrived. “
Major turning point
This new episode represents
in any case a major turning point for the whole region. Iraq, trapped
between its American and Iranian allies for years, has been the scene of an
escalation in recent weeks, which threatens to make the country a field of
confrontation interposed for the two powers acting on its soil. A dozen
rocket attacks have targeted American soldiers and diplomats since the end of
October, killing an American subcontractor a week ago.
On Sunday evening, Washington, which accuses Shiite factions of the Popular Mobilization of being behind these unclaimed attacks, responded by bombing bases of one of them near the Syrian border, leaving 25 dead. On Tuesday, a crowd of pro-Iranian fighters and supporters attacked the American embassy in Baghdad, an unprecedented episode of violence that ended on Wednesday with the withdrawal of these men from the ultra-secure green zone, where the embassy is located. , by order of the MP.
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Mostly in this world people think that the war is not the batter solution for any kind of dispute, violence and misunderstanding. If we take a look on the history of this word when the war is being started, there were number of causes from which the brutality and the economic disasters were major causes that were going through the countries to countries. A number of the battles have been fought in the history of this world but the World War 1 is of the most hazardous wars that have been fought in this universe. In this historical war starting on 28th July, 1914 and ended on 11th November , 1918 many of the nations have fought and about 9 million soldiers and around 7 million civilians have died during this great and long lasting battle.
Major causes of the World War 1
The World War 1 isconsisted on the number of reasons such as hostility, discrimination and conflicts that lead the world to start this war and in this war imperialism, nationalism, alliance, and militarism also took the part to this great global War. The World War 1 triggered is directly press when Austrian archduke, Franz Ferdiand and his wife were killed. Following are the major causes which were directly involved to start this great battle.
Imperialism
It is the policy which is expanding the country’s power and acquiring new lands or countries by force. The main reason for acquiring the new lands or countries is the extension of their own markets. It was one of the major causes that started the World War 1.
Militarism
It is the situation when a country wants to maintain a strongest and most defending military strength. It was also the one of the major factors for starting this great battle around the globe because European and other nations stared arms race. The number of French and German soldiers doubled between 1870—1914 and there is very great competition in Britain and Germans. When British launch its battleship name “Dreadnought” in 1906 the Germans followed and introduced their own battle ship.
Alliance
It is a mutual agreement that is made between more than two nations to help in the time of difficulty or when other country needed the most. When more than two nations sign an agreement these are called allies. Before the world war1 many alliance are singed between 1879—1914 which is also a reasons for the World War 1. Following are the major alliances before the world war1.
Question of the Day
Do you know what countries were involved in the World War 1?
Ans :Although the World War 1 was fought between number of nations around the world which damaged the economy and lifestyle of the world yet there were some countries playing the greatest role in this great war. Following is the list of both the countries from the Victor side and the Opposition Side.
List of Countries from the Victor Side that fought in the world war 1
Serial
No.
Country
Capital
1.
France
Paris
2.
Montenegro
Podgorica
3.
United States
Washington, D.C.
4.
Russian Empire
Saint Petersburg , Moscow
5.
British Empire
London
6.
Italy
Rome
7.
Romania
Bucharest
8.
Japan
Tokyo
9.
Portugal
Lisbon
10.
Greece
Athens
11.
Serbia
Belgrade
12.
Belgium
City of Brussels
List of Countries from the Opposition Side that fought in the world war 1
Serial
No.
Country
Capital
1.
Ottoman Empire
Söğüt, Bursa,
Adrianople,Constantinople
2.
Austria-Hungary
Vienna, Budapest
3.
German Empire
Berlin
In this great and long lasting battle, different countries who taken part in this battle lost thousands of their soldiers and civilians who were fighting in this war. But the Russian Empire had the highest number of deaths during the WW1 . Following is a chart showing the military deaths of different countries.
Summery of the WW1 Military Deaths by Country in Percentage
TheCountriesOf.Com: Spreading the authentic information across the globe collecting from govt. sites of different countries and other very reliable resources. Hopefully now you are very aware of what countries were involved in the world war 1 ?
