The oldest buildings in the world have highlighted the beginnings of civilization. They also help us to understand the intellect of humans in a bygone era and its evolution.

10. Sechin Bajo, Peru – 3500 BCE

Sechin Bajo is a 30-hectare archaeological site, located at 370, north of Lima, Peru, in the Casma Valley. Sechin Bajo has buildings from the time when it was occupied. It is believed to have been the capital of pre-Inca culture in 1800 and 1900 BC. Recent archaeological excavations have revealed a circular stone square around 3500 BC. Sechin Bajo is considered the oldest complex in the New World and is part of a larger archaeological site called the Sechin complex.

9. Pentre Ifan, Wales – 3500 BCE

Pentre Ifan, Wales.

The funeral chamber of Pentre Ifan is a megalithic (stony) funeral chamber located in Pembrokeshire, Wales. Built around 3500 BC, it translates to Ivan’s Village and is the most popular megalithic site in the country. The burial chamber of Pentre Ifan came into being after excavations in the region revealed a cascade of 16 ton and 5 of balanced length on three huge stones 2.4 meters from the ground. The capstone points towards the river and the Nevern valley.

8. Listoghil, Ireland – 3550 BCE

Listoghil is a historic central tomb among other graves at Carrowmore in County Sligo, Ireland. The Carrowmore Tombs are one of the country’s four main funeral cemeteries. Listoghil is believed to have been established in 3550 BC. The tomb is one of a kind, the only one to have covered a cairn several meters high, before being looted for the construction of walls. Before being vandalized, the cairn had a diameter of 15. The tomb of Listoghil also presents megalithic engravings on the front and on the internal face of one of the stone pillars. Efforts to reconstruct the tomb in 32 have been controversial over how to restore and capture their historic authenticity.

7. West Kennet Long Barrow, England – 3650 BCE

West Kennet Long Barrow, England.

West Kennet Long Barrow is a group of chamber tombs dating from 3650 BC, an era known as the New Stone Age. These graves are located in Wiltshire, England, and many people were cremated and buried here before the graves were closed in 2000 BC, after having been used for at least 1000 years, according to the English Heritage Organization. The main passage was closed with earth, stones, rubble and debris and the forecourt with sarsen sandstone rocks. Excavations in 1859 and 1955 to 1956, unearthed pottery, stone tools like daggers and pearls dating from between 3000 and 2600 BC.

6. Ggantija, Malta – 3700 BCE

The antgantija temples are listed as World Heritage by UNESCO in Xaghra on the island of Gozo, in Malta. According to Heritage Malta, these two temples date from the period between 3600 and 3200 BC. The antgantija temples are among the oldest independent monuments in the world and precede Stonehenge and the Egyptian pyramids. The temples, located on a 3.155 property, are distinguished by their enormous Bronze Age structures. The space between the interior rooms and the exterior walls of the temples is filled with stones and earth that connect the structure. Temple builders also used local stones to build the temples. Hard coral limestone was used for exterior walls and soft Maltese limestone for interiors such as altars, doors and decorative slabs.

5. Knap of Howar, Scotland – 3700 BCE

The Knap of Howar is a Neolithic (New Stone Age) site located on Papa Westray Island in Orkney, Scotland. The building preserved on the site is considered to be the oldest stone house in northern Europe and dates from 3700 and 3500 BC. The Knap of Howar has two houses called farmhouses, built by a dry stone construction with an adjacent passage between them. The houses have two closets and stalls and have been occupied for 500 years, according to the Papay Development Trust. The farm stone walls are 1.6 meters high according to ancient history. Archaeological excavations in 1930 and 1970 have suggested that these structures were built on an older site and formed the core of an agricultural establishment at that time. Both houses are preserved by the sand blown by the wind.

4. Monte d’Accoddi, Italy – 4000 BCE

Monte d’Accoddi, Italy.

Monte d’Accoddi is an archaeological site discovered in 1954 and located in Sassari; northern Sardinia, Italy, and is nicknamed the step pyramid of Italy. The oldest sections of this site date from 4000 to 3650 BC, and historians have presumed that it was an altar or a temple, for lack of entrances or rooms. Monte d’Accoddi has a base of 27meters by 27 meters and a height of 5.5 meters. It has a platform of 12.5 meters per 7.2 meters accessible by a ramp. This site is the most complete representation of the prehistory of Sardinia, because it contains the most vital elements of innovation and tradition of the passage from the neolithic the Eneolithic period (transition between the neolithic age and the

3. Tumulus Saint-Michel, France – 4500 BCE

Tumulus Saint-Michel is a mound of stony stone located east of Carnac in north-west France. This mound dates back to 4500 BC and measures 12 in height, 125 in meters and 60 in meters, making it the largest burial mound in continental Europe. At the top of Tumulus Saint-Michel is a chapel offering a vintage view of the magnificent landscape, the bay of Quiberon and the Rhuys peninsula. The chapel is dedicated to Archangel Michael. When archaeologists searched it, they found prestigious objects made from Italian jadeite, which proves that the mound is the burial place of a person of high social rank, according to the National Center for French Monuments.

2. Tumulus de Bougon, France – 4700 BCE

Tumulus of Bougon is a series of five mounds dating from 4700, in the Bougon region, in the west of France. These archaeologists discovered these necropolises of the new Stone Age era, which are the oldest burial mounds in Europe. Mounds like the Bougon Tumulus were made from heavy slabs, some of which weigh up to 1840 tonnes. The Tumulus of Bougon gives an overview of the history of humanity in the Neolithic and the emergence of agrarian communities, new technologies such as stone polishing, weaving, pottery and human settlements, according to Memo Travel . This is because in the Neolithic era, the dead were buried with offerings, and the excavations proved the aforementioned lifestyle.

1. Barnenez, France – 4850 BCE

Located in Brittany, France, the Cairn of Barnenez is one of the oldest structures on the planet and dates back to 4850 BC. This cairn measures 72, 20 to 25 and 9, and has 11 burial chambers with passages. According to the National Center of French Monuments, it is a representation of the Neolithic where the use of polished stone, animal husbandry and agriculture began. The Barnenez cairn is located on top of a hill along the coast of the English Channel. It is remarkable for its long appearance and the sawtooth patterns of the stones that compose it. The stones have V-shaped engravings and dotted axes. Barnenez’s Cairn is expected to weigh between 12,000 and 14,000 metric tonnes. The entrances to the burial chambers face south-east towards the sunrise.

Some cities in the world are well-known tourist destinations and manage to attract the bulk of global tourists. These cities could offer lively nightlife, old world charm, thriving shopping malls, gastronomic delights or rich cultural experiences to international tourists. Whatever the reason, there is no doubt that Hong Kong, London, Singapore, Bangkok, Paris, Macao, Dubai, New York, Istanbul and Kuala Lumpur are the most popular tourist destinations in the world.

10. Kuala Lumpur –

Kuala Lumpur, the Malaysian capital, is also one of the main tourist destinations in the world. The city is the base for tourists visiting Malaysia. The city has a modern skyline that is dominated by the tallest twin buildings in the world, the Petronas Twin Towers. Kuala Lumpur is also known for its monuments from the British colonial era. A number of sporting, musical and other events are also organized in this city.

Things to see and do : The most visited tourist attractions in Malaysia include the Houses of Parliament, National Museum, National Monument, Petaling Street, Merdeka Square, Jamek Mosque, Central Market, etc. . Kuala Lumpur is also famous for its vibrant nightlife, wide choice of restaurants, international hotel chains and thriving shopping malls.

9. Istanbul –

Istanbul, the historic city of Constantinople, is the capital of Turkey and the most populous. The strategic location of the city as a transcontinental Eurasian city has attracted a large number of empires and conquerors to this city in the past. Today, the city is one of the main tourist destinations in the world and is considered the cultural and historical center of Turkey. The city’s charm of yesteryear, its many palaces, mosques and other historic sites make it a favorite destination for many.

Things to see and do : Aya Sofya, Topkapi Palace, Blue Mosque (Sultan Ahmet Camii), Basilica Cistern (Yerebatan Sarnıcı), Hippodrome, Istanbul Archaeological Museum, Grand Bazaar (Kapalı Çarşı), Süleymaniye Mosque , Spice Bazaar (Mısır Çarşısı), Dolmabahçe Palace, Chora Church (Kariye Müzesi), Museum of Turkish and Islamic Art are some of the main attractions in Istanbul.

8. New York –

The most populous city in the United States, New York City is located at the southern tip of New York State. The city is known worldwide as a dynamic and cosmopolitan center in the country. It is associated with glitter and glamor and is a dream destination for many people around the world. New York City received a record 60 million visitors in 2015, which shows the city’s popularity as a global tourist hotspot. 61.3 billion dollars in tourism turnover were generated in 2014 in this city.

Things to see and do The main tourist attractions in the city are the Statue of Liberty, Central Park, the Empire State Building, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Times Square, Ellis Island, Broadway theater productions, Manhattan Chinatown and many others. New York also hosts important cultural events and international festivals throughout the year. Helicopter and balloon excursions, cultural and thematic tours are some of the activities offered to tourists visiting the city.

7. Dubai –

The cosmopolitan city of the United Arab Emirates, Dubai is known for its magnificent towers, ultramodern architecture, artificial islands, gold souks, sparkling shopping malls, luxury boutiques, lively life scenes and much more.

Things to See and Do : The Dubai government aims to develop tourism as a major source of income in the emirate. The city is nicknamed the “commercial capital of the Middle East”. The Dubai Mall, the largest shopping center in the world, as well as other centers such as 70. The souks of Dubai are famous like the Gold Souk of Deira. Creek has been proposed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Other tourist attractions in Dubai, one of the main tourist destinations in the world, include the Dolphinarium, camel rides, cable car, bird shows. exotic, etc.

6. Macau –

Macau is an autonomous territory on the west side of the Pearl River Delta in East Asia. Today, the region is one of the richest regions in the world. In 2006, Macau became the largest gaming center in the world. Tourism and gambling are the two major sources of income in Macau. Festivals like Chinese New Year, Spring Lantern Festival, Ching Ming Festival and Buddha’s Birthday are some of the interesting and exciting festivals held in Hong Kong. The area also offers well-maintained public pools and excellent beaches. Sailing, hiking, camping and playing are some of the activities popular with tourists of all tastes.

Things to see and do : Macau has an electrifying atmosphere and is rich in attractions due to the interesting fusion of Chinese and European cultures in this region of the world. Macau has many temples, churches and fortresses. The narrow alleys of the old parts of Macau attract curious tourists who are in search of exploration. It is also possible to head to the Macau Islands or relax in the pretty gardens. The Bodhisatta Avalokitesvara, the tower of Macau, the fishermen’s wharf, the museum of Macau, the museum of the history of Taipa and Coloane, etc. The city’s casinos also offer tourists the unique opportunity to test their fortunes during games of chance alos visit this online Indian best casino khajana matka .

5. Paris –

Paris is the largest and the capital of France located in the northern bending arc of the Seine in north-central France. Like London, Paris has a rich culture and history which makes it one of the most coveted tourist destinations in the world. It is labeled as a romantic city and honeymooners often dream of spending their honeymoon in Paris. Lovers of fine arts, music and fashion also flock in large numbers to this city.

Things to see and do : The Notre-Dame castle, the Louvre museum, the Sacré-Coeur basilica, the Eiffel tower, the Pompidou center, the Invalides, the Orsay museum, Disneyland Paris and Marne-la-Vallée are among the main attractions of Paris. The banks of the Seine in Paris have been listed as World Heritage by UNESCO since 1991.

4. Bangkok 

Bangkok is Thailand’s largest and largest city located in the Chao Phraya River Delta. It is one of the first tourist destinations in the world. Bangkok serves as the main gateway for international tourists entering Thailand. The multifaceted attractions, the burgeoning city life and the rich culture of the city make it a favorite place for tourists looking for entertainment at a reasonable price. Bangkok’s vibrant nightlife attracts young tourists from around the world. Sex tourism, although not openly recognized by the Thai government, seems to be widespread in the city.

Things to see and do: The grand palace; Buddhist temples like Wat Phra Kaew, Wat Arun; Vimanmek Mansion (considered the largest teak building in the world); The National Museum in Bangkok; Royal Barge National Museum; Chao Phraya river cruises, shopping and nightlife.

3. Singapore –

Singapore is the only island city-state in the world located off the coast of Malaysia in Southeast Asia. Singapore is famous for its multicultural population and tropical climate. It is also a global financial center. Tourism is a major industry in Singapore and contributes significantly to the economy of the country. In 2015, international tourists of 15,231,469 visited Singapore, a figure three times greater than the population of Singapore.

Things to see and do : Singapore Zoo, Jurong Bird Park, Night Safari, River Safari, Singapore Botanic Gardens and Bay Gardens are popular natural attractions in Singapore. The Singapore Botanic Gardens have been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Singapore’s cultural and historical sites include Sultan Masjid, Sri Mariamman Temple, Kranji War Memorial, Victoria Theater and Concert Hall, Civil War Memorial, National Museum of Singapore, etc. Singapore is also a popular shopping destination and has several malls populated by passionate customers.

2. London –

London, the largest and largest capital of the United Kingdom, is located on the banks of the Thames, in the south-eastern part of the island of Great Britain. London has a rich history and culture which makes it one of the most visited cities in the world. London art galleries exhibit spectacular paintings by famous painters, city museums have rich collections of historic and prehistoric objects, and the buildings display a wide variety of architectural styles from the past to the present. The Tower of London in the city also hosts the Crown Jewels, a rare collection of jewelry, including the Kohinoor diamond belonging to the country’s royal house.

Things to see and do The British Museum, Tate Modern, Tower of London, National Portrait Gallery, Southbank Center, Natural History Museum, National Gallery, Victoria and Albert Museum, etc. are some of the most visited tourist spots in London. The operas of the Royal Opera House, the changing of the guards at Buckingham Palace, the London horror tour of the London Dungeon, a walk by the Thames, etc. are some of the tourist activities to discover in London.

1. Hong Kong –

Hong Kong is an autonomous territory located in the Pear River Delta in East Asia. Hong Kong is considered a tourist attraction because it attracts millions of tourists from all over the world. What makes Hong Kong so lucrative for international visitors?

Things to see and do: Almost all areas of Hong Kong offer a lot of attractions and activities to tourists. Victoria Peak, Hong Kong Ocean Park, Sleeping Beauty Castle, Lantau Island, Po Lin Monastery, Hong Kong History Museum and Man Mo Temple are among the many city ​​attractions. Hong Kong is also a shopping mecca and is home to both luxury shopping centers and markets where you can buy clothes, accessories, electronics, jade, antiques, etc. Remarkable hiking options are also available to visitors. Gourmets will also find a wide variety of food choices in the countless restaurants and restaurants in Hong Kong.

Best tourist destinations in the world

According to data released by the United Nations World Tourism Organization, the Palestinian territories were the fastest growing tourist destination in the world in 2017.

Tourism Growth

The list includes 10 destinations around the world with the fastest growth in tourism activities. However, it is important to note that these destinations may not be the most popular destinations in the world but that tourism has just experienced the fastest growth in a year. By observing the list carefully, two trends can be noted. Some of the destinations on the list have been victims of terrorist attacks or internal disturbances in the past, but the resumption of these incidents has encouraged an increase in tourist activities in these countries. Second, it seems that tourists are looking for newer and more exotic destinations, which is driving tourism growth in these destinations.

Palestine

Tourism is booming in Palestine. The Palestinian territories experienced a 57.8% increase in the arrival of international tourists in the first half of 2017. If the trend continues, the region will register the arrival of an estimated 630,000 vacationers by the end of the year. Effective strategies to boost tourism in the region, such as opening the boutique at the Walled Off hotel in Bethlehem, would help attract tourists to the West Bank.

Egypt

Egypt is in second place as the fastest growing tourist destination in the world in 2017 with a 51% growth in tourism. The country, famous for its history and ancient architecture, has experienced a sharp drop in tourism, from 9.1 million visitors in 2015 to only 5.26 million visitors in 2016. The political unrest prevailing in the country and the alleged terrorist activities would have contributed to the fall of tourist activities in the country. However, with the improvement of conditions, tourists once again flock to this unique destination to explore the majestic historic ruins of Egypt.

Northern Mariana Islands

With a 37.3% growth in the number of overnight visitors in one year, the Northern Mariana Islands ranks third on the list. The region received 531,000 tourists in 2016. The growth of tourism in this destination reveals the popular tendency to explore the least explored destinations in the world. The island 15 archipelago has a lot to offer tourists, including beautiful beaches and a plethora of water activities.

Iceland

Iceland is also one of the main tourist destinations in the world. However, given the country’s reputation as a refuge for tourists, this is not a surprise. The country has some of the most spectacular landscapes and geographic features in the world. Iceland also has excellent tourist facilities and a peaceful environment conducive to the rapid development of tourism.

Tunisia

Terrorist activities in the past in Tunisia have led to a drop in tourist activities in the country, as in Egypt. However, this year tourism in the country appears to be picking up quickly, with 32.5% growth in tourist arrivals to the country reported by UNWTO in the first months of 2017.

Other fast growing tourist destinations in 2017

Vietnam, Uruguay, Nicaragua, Mongolia and Israel are the next five tourist destinations with the highest growth in tourist arrivals in the first months of 2017. While Vietnam is already a popular destination with a number of rapidly growing tourists, the next three destinations on the list have experienced a sharp increase in tourism in recent years. The biggest surprise on the list is Mongolia, a completely offbeat destination, surrounded by vast sandy deserts and rugged mountain landscapes. Despite the 28.3% growth in tourist attendance, Mongolia still receives a considerably lower number of tourists than the most popular tourist destinations in the world. In the first months of 2017, around 400,000 tourists have walked in Mongolia. Israel finishes the list by being the 10th fastest growing tourist destination in the world.

The world’s fastest growing tourist destinations

With a Starbucks in almost every corner, McDonalds converting to McCafe and Dunkin Donuts as part of many daily trips, it’s hard to believe that anyone drinks more coffee than Americans. Yet, based on per capita coffee consumption, the United States is a medium-sized beverage, in an ocean of large nations that consume coffee.

While coffee consumption started in the 12th century in Yemen and the image of a Parisian cafe or a Roman espresso bar is often the first idea of ​​the “house” of coffee drinkers, none of these countries how much coffee each citizen consumes. So how do countries around the world stack up on coffee consumption?

10 – Canada: 6.5 kg per capita

Canada stands out as the only non-European country to be among the top ten coffee producers in the world. From east to west, Canadians love their coffee. Although popular chains are widespread across the country, each city in Canada often has a number of independent stores. The drink is so popular in this 33 million country that the Coffee Association of Canada has called it the most consumed drink in the country.

Despite the predominance of coffee in Canada, many Canadians prefer to drink their coffee at home. Cold weather and long winters were considered a popular pull factor, attracting residents to the lure of the hot brown drink.

9 – Luxembourg: 6.5 kg per capita

Luxembourg may be a small country, but its love for coffee is great. This small western European country consumes on average around 6.5 kg per capita per year. In the capital city of Luxembourg, cafes abound, serving both simple filter coffee and artisanal drinks. Among the espresso drinks unique to Luxembourg, one can cite a Russian milk, or Russian milk, which is essentially a café au lait or a gourmet coffee, a type of drink based on espresso coffee intended to be served with a dessert.

8 – Belgium: 6.8 kg per capita

When you think of Belgium, visions of waffles and beer may dance in your head, but Belgium has long associated its national obsession with chocolate with its 1.35 cups of coffee a day.

As a former colonial power in Africa, Belgium was able to fuel its demand for coffee by growing this plant in Congo and Rwanda. Today, with cafes in every city, it’s easy to grab a quick cup to go with the famous waffles that are the nation’s answer to a donut.

7 – Switzerland: 7.9 kg per capita

Like many countries making this list, coffee is a social activity in Switzerland. Espresso drinks are particularly popular in this central European country, including “caffè crema”, a type of espresso drink similar to an Americano which is said to come from Switzerland on the Italian border. Unlike many of its Scandinavian counterparts, filter coffee is less popular among the Swiss.

For the average Swiss who drinks up to five cups a day, coffee can be an expensive pastime, because a cup of coffee in a cafe can reach the US dollar.

6 – Sweden: 8.2 kg per capita

In Sweden, there is a concept known as “fika”, which literally means “to have a coffee”. In this concept, the pairing of cookies or pastries is implicit. A variety of situations can be described as “fika”, whether it be a break during the working day or a social gathering. The only common denominator is the presence of coffee.

Many Swedes take their coffee very seriously, to the point that it is not just a drink in the country, but a way of life. While coffee can certainly be enjoyed in the comfort of your own home, only coffee is mostly a social interaction. In big cities like the capital of Stockholm, there are plenty of cafes, chains and independent sites.

5 – Netherlands: 8.4 kg per capita

In 1616, the Dutch were the first Europeans to obtain live coffee trees, brought back from Mocha, Yemen, by Pieter van der Broecke. The beans from these coffee trees were then used to start the cultivation of Dutch coffee, the colonies of Java and Suriname eventually becoming the main suppliers of coffee in Europe.

Nowadays, Amsterdam cafes are famous for serving coffee alongside another specialty, marijuana, but don’t let that spoil your vision, the culture of coffee is still strong and rich in the Netherlands. On average, the Dutch drink 1.84 cups a day.

Coffee is served at home for “Koffietijd” (coffee time), usually with cookies and cakes. Interestingly, the coffee culture is somewhat divided between north and south and along religious lines. The north was traditionally populated by Protestants who preferred to serve coffee with a single cookie, considered a gesture of modesty. In the south, traditionally populated by Roman Catholics, Koffietijd generally includes “vlaai”, a large sweet pie.

4 – Denmark: 8.7 kg per capita

If the Nordic nations are the kings of coffee, this nation is rightly the Danish prince of hot drink. Residents of the kingdom sip cups of coffee 1.46 every day.

Like other Scandinavian countries, coffee in Denmark is traditionally served with every meal and becomes the centerpiece on special occasions, served with cookies, cakes and small sandwiches. The Danes rank slightly better on another statistic, having the 6 most expensive coffee in the world, so each of these 1.46 cups costs them a nice crown. So grab a Danish-made Bodum coffee press and well-named Danes, and dream of spring in Copenhagen.

3 – Iceland: 9 kg per capita

There has to be some correlation between cold climates and a cup of coffee – maybe that adds a touch of comfort to a cold, dark day. Like its counterparts in Northern Europe, the Icelandic island benefits, on average, from 5 cups of coffee per day per person!

In the capital Reykjavik, you won’t find coffee giants like Starbucks or Second Cup. However, there is no shortage of small independent cafes scattered throughout the city, many of which are close to each other. In case of doubt that Iceland takes its coffee seriously, the country hosts competitions between baristas and roasters in order to find the best beer in the country.

2 – Norway: 9.9 kg per capita

Like most European countries, Norwegian coffee was popularized by the wealthy in the early 12th century. Even though Norway was a relatively poor country, being ruled by Denmark at the time had its advantages; in this case, lots of cheap java.

Kaffe is usually served black for breakfast and for dessert after dinner. Norwegians also invite people for coffee, served with cakes and pastries. The average Norwegian drinks almost 2 a day, which means that some X million people in the country consumed a combined 5kg in 36,472,000. If you are already in rural Norway, don’t forget to try the “karsk”, a cocktail made with weakly brewed coffee and a great help with vodka or moon wine. Don’t worry, if it’s too strong, you can always turn it on to burn some of the alcohol!

1 – Finland: 12 kg per capita

If you’ve ever met a Finn, you know that the national average of 12 per capita is probably the lowest in Finland. If you were to remove children from the calculation, the national average would increase even more!

Coffee is generally consumed all day, every day, and most workers’ unions require coffee breaks. Special occasions and after church lunches are celebrated with a coffee table – a buffet of cold sandwiches, bread, cookies and cakes, and of course endless khavi.

The most popular coffees in Finland are very light roasts, much lighter than anywhere else in the world. It probably started very early when the Finns bought green coffee berries to roast at home. The traditional way of making Finn coffee is a variant of Turkish coffee where water and coffee grounds are barely repeated.

Finnish coffee culture can come from various influences such as the Lutheran work ethic, Swedish rule and several bans on coffee, but one thing is certain: coffee is not going anywhere anytime soon. If you are already invited to a Finnish house, be prepared to receive hot pots of coffee – do not ask for decaffeinated, it is practically nonexistent in this Nordic country.

Top 25 Coffee Consuming Nations

Globally, 25 countries have no state religion, including the United States, Canada, China, South Africa, New Zealand, Singapore, Romania, Colombia, and East Timor. A secular state is one where the government is neutral in matters of religion. These countries do not discriminate against citizens on the basis of religion and therefore promote equality. In contrast, the state religion is one where the government officially recognizes a particular religion. In such a case, other religions may feel discriminated against.

Countries without state religion

New Zealand

Since most people in New Zealand are Christians, there is no state religion according to the constitution. This is attributed to the “Treaty of Waitangi” signed in 1840. The dominant religions in the country are Christianity and Hinduism. However, there is also a large group of around 42% who do not subscribe to any religion. Freedom of religion is appreciated by all New Zealanders. Even among Christians, there are several denominations among which Catholics, Anglicans and Presbyterians.

Singapore

In Singapore, residents are guaranteed freedom of religion and guaranteed to have that freedom by the constitution. However, the Singapore government insists that no religion misuses this freedom to cause division. It is on this basis that it limits the operations of certain religions. In the past, we know that the government deregistered “Jehovah’s Witnesses” and “Unification Church”. Although “Jehovah’s Witnesses” are currently allowed to exercise their freedom of worship, their activities are limited. Singapore encourages the religion that unifies its citizens rather than dividing them.

Romania

The Romanian Constitution which was made law in 1991 allows Romanians freedom of religion. In fact, it is illegal to ask a person to indicate their religious affiliation in Romania. However, 91% of Romanians are Christians, most of whom are members of the Romanian Orthodox Church. There are many other Christian denominations such as Baptists, Seventh-day Adventists, Unitarians and Pentecostals, among others. The other religions in Romania are Islam (0.3%), Judaism (0.02%) and the Old Believers (0.16%). Romania is a secular state because it recognizes the equality of all religions.

South Africa

South Africans are guaranteed freedom of religion by their Constitution. Therefore, the country is a secular state. Despite this, the country is dominated by the Christian religion which is professed by about 80% of the population in South Africa. The Christian religion was transmitted to South Africans by the Dutch and the British who colonized the country. The nation still recognizes the traditional African religion, but only a few citizens practice it.

What is the secular or state religion?

A state religion means that the religion recognized by the state influences its governance. This goes so far as to allow only those who are affiliated with the declared religion to be elected and to be appointed leaders in the country. This practice leads to discrimination against other citizens who may have the same qualifications, except for their religion. Thus, a secular state offers equal opportunities for leadership and grants freedom of religion. A secular state is preferred to the state religion.

Countries without state religion

Difference between a continent and a country

Most people know which country they live in and on which continent. But what exactly is the difference between the two? A continent is a very large land mass, often separated by oceans. Some of them are separated by other geographic or social characteristics. Geographical separation can be a narrow strip of land, while social separation can be based on a shared culture. The rules defining the continents are not immutable. As a general rule, the world recognizes separate continents 7: North America, South America, Africa, Europe, Asia, Antarctica and Australia. Although some schools of thought combine North and South America into one, creating continents 6. Yet others, adhering to the theory of “solid mass”,

A country, however, is a separate political entity. In most cases, there are clearly defined boundaries resulting either from geographic features such as rivers and mountains, or from cultural boundaries. Constitutions and peace treaties formalize the location of these borders. According to recent figures, there are 206 sovereign countries in the world.

Is Australia a continent?

Geography of australia

Australia includes mainland Australia, Tasmania, Seram, New Guinea, sometimes Timor and the surrounding islands. It is the smallest of the continents with an area of ​​3,310,000 square miles and is the lowest continent with human inhabitants. The neighboring islands are connected to the mainland by the continental shelf, including the Sahul platform and the Bass Strait. About half of the continental shelf is 160 feet deep or less

Geology of australia

Geologically speaking, the Australian continent lies on the Indo-Australian plate. This plate separated from the Gondwana supercontinent around 96 millions of years ago. He moved away from Antarctica and headed north. Around 10,000 BC, the ice age ended and the melting caused a rise in sea level. These rising waters eventually formed the Bass Strait that separated Tasmania from the land mass. Years later, between 2,000 and 4,000, additional floods created New Guinea and the Aru Islands in the north of the continent. Australia is the only continent without active volcanic regions. Over time, the Australia-New Guinea tectonic plate collided with the Eurasian plate.

Biodiversity Of Australia

The northward drift of the Indo-Australian plate has helped the continent to offset the global trend of cooling. As other land masses have cooled, the Australian continent is approaching the equator, neutralizing temperature changes. This temperature stability has allowed flora, fauna and fungi to evolve towards specific ecological roles. Its isolated position also prevented the influence of external species, allowing a unique development without competition. Due to the absence of volcanoes and glaciers, the soil of the Australian continent was not disturbed and was able to retain nutrients. This high level of fertility favored the diversity of plants, allowing a coevolution rather than a divergent evolution. The Wallacea Islands were fairly close to the tropical forests of Southeast Asia and some plants were able to reach New Guinea. The oceanic straits were, however, too large to allow the migration of mammals.

This combination of events has resulted in high levels of biodiversity and endemism on the continent today. Marsupials (mammals with pockets to carry their young) and monotremes (laying mammals) may have dominated the placental mammals so prevalent in other parts of the world. Many species of birds have been able to develop; Scientists believe that songbirds first evolved on the Australian continent before migrating to other countries in the world.

Is Australia a country?

History of Australia

The natives lived here, descendants of the migrants who came to the region between 42,000 and 48,000 years ago, when the Europeans first arrived. Dutch explorers landed on the Australian mainland in 1606 AD, mapped the north and west coasts and named it New Holland. They did not establish colonies. In 1770, James Cook claimed the eastern coasts for Great Britain and baptized it New South Wales. The British government established a penal colony, an isolated colony for prisoners, here in 1783. Additional settlers arrived in 1788, forming what would become Sydney.

The growing number of European settlers led to additional colonies across the continent and as far as Tasmania. The United Kingdom claimed the west and divided New South Wales into South Australia, Victoria and Queensland in the mid-1800s. The second half of the 12th century brought a gold rush and the colonies obtained a certain autonomy . As free settlers and penal colonies spread throughout the territory, the indigenous population suffered up to 19 million deaths in the coming years 1.

By 1901, the colonies were established as the Commonwealth of Australia, a dominion of the British Empire. In 1931, the British government adopted the Statute of Westminster, granting the dominions legislative independence and making nations sovereign. Australia adopted the statute in 1942, the antidrider to 1939. After World War II, the country opened its borders to European immigrants and to the 1970s, to Asian immigrants (after the end of the policy of white Australia ). The country cut all ties to the United Kingdom in 1986, removing the right of the United Kingdom to legislate in the Australian government.

Today, the country is made up of 6 states: New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia and Tasmania. These are all located on the mainland, with the exception of Tasmania and the islands to the south. Neighboring countries include Papua New Guinea, Indonesia, East Timor, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and New Zealand.

Population of Australia

The population of Australia is approximately 22.4 million. This number has increased exponentially since the Second World War, largely due to government encouragement for immigration. About 24.6% of the population was born abroad and 43.1% have at least one parent born abroad. Indigenous peoples make up 2.5% of the population. The total number of people in Australia is expected to almost double by 2050.

The most widely used language here is English, especially Australian English. About 81% of the population speak only English at home. The other languages ​​spoken at home are: Mandarin (1.7%), Italian (1.5%), Arabic (1.4%), Cantonese (1.3%), Greek (1.3%) and Vietnamese (1.2%). Among the 250 native languages, 20 is used by all age groups and 150 by older generations.

Over half of the 61.1% of the population identify as Christians. Christian churches have strongly influenced the development of education, health and social services in the country.

Australian economy

Australia is the largest economy in the world. It has a high gross domestic product (GDP) per capita (the fifth highest in the world) and low poverty rates. It is considered a wealthy country with an average annual growth rate of 12%. The most important industries include mining exports, telecommunications, banking services and manufacturing. Four of its main cities are ranked among the best cities in the world: Melbourne, Sydney, Adelaide and Perth.

The Safe Cities Index is an initiative sponsored by Economist magazine, which uses four categories to determine the perceived safety of a given city. The categories are:

1. Digital security that measures the likelihood of being the victim of privacy breaches or identity theft on the Internet. The availability of the technology and its level are also measured.
2. Health security which measures the ease of access to care for residents, as well as its quality. Air and water quality are also taken into account, as well as life expectancy.
3. Infrastructure security, which measures the resilience and security of urban infrastructure, in particular against potential disasters. The frequency of accidents is measured with the standards to which the infrastructure is held.
4. Personal security measures the incidence of violence and minor crimes, drug use, theft and violence. The way residents generally feel safe in their city is also taken into account.

Data comes from cities on quality of life, as well as data from the World Health Organization (WHO), Kaspersky Lab and other sources. The higher the score per 100, the more secure the city’s ranking. Below is an overview of the main Asian cities in this ranking.

10. Mumbai, India (61.84 / 100)

Mumbai is the most populous city in India, with a metropolitan population of over X million. His scores were 20 in digital security, 54.61 in health security, 55.74 in infrastructure security and 59.12 in personal security. Part of Mumbai’s reputation for lack of security has been attributed to a massive network of clandestine organized crime. Drug trafficking was also cited, as was money laundering. Residential theft is also a concern in Mumbai.

9. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (61.23 / 100)

Riyadh is the capital of Saudi Arabia and the most populated with an urban population of more than four million inhabitants. Riyadh ranked 60.86 in digital security, 66.13 in health security, 56.88 in infrastructure security and 61.04 in personal security. Although the crime rate in Saudi Arabia has historically been considered low, it has been noted that the crime rate appears to be increasing considerably. Petty crime is particularly cited as a concern, as is the risk of terrorism. However, the overall murder rate remains low.

8. Bangkok, Thailand (60.05 / 100)

Bangkok, the capital of Thailand with a population of nearly X million people in its metropolitan area, is ranked 15th on this list. His scores were 8 in digital security, 44.44 in health security, 66.64 in infrastructure security, 68.33 in personal security. Drug abuse, organized gangs and corruption have all been cited as possible causes of crime in Bangkok. In recent years, the homicide of tourists and expatriates in Thailand has hit the headlines, spreading Bangkok’s reputation as a dangerous city to visit.

7. Tehran, Iran (56.49 / 100)

Tehran is the largest city and the capital of Iran, with a population of 9 million in the city and 16 million in the greater metropolitan area. Tehran registered 39.88 in digital security, 62.96 in health security, 63.95 in infrastructure security and 59.18 in personal security. Drug trafficking and sales, smuggling of alcohol, smuggling of petroleum, tax evasion, kidnapping, theft, fraud, money laundering and even murder occur in Tehran. Although crime rates in Tehran have been statistically low on average, the rates appear to be increasing.

6. Manila, Philippines (54.86 / 100)

Manila is the capital of the Philippines. It also has the designation of being the most densely populated city in the whole world. In the Safe Cities index, Manila recorded 36.61 in digital security, 60.12 in health security, 52.89 in infrastructure security and 69.85 in personal security. Crimes committed in Manila include robbery, kidnapping, lending and murder. Violent crimes are not unknown in the city.

5. Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (54.33 / 100)

Ho Chi Minh City is the largest city in Vietnam with a population of over eight million. It was previously known as Saigon. Ho Chi Minh City obtained 39.78 in digital security, 61.29 in health security, 65.73 in infrastructure security and 50.53 in personal security. Like many of the entries on this list, petty crime and pickpocketing are of most concern in Ho Chi Minh City, with violent crimes such as murder remaining relatively rare.

4. Jakarta, Indonesia (53.39 / 100)

Jakarta is the largest city in Indonesia with a population of almost ten million. His scores were 36.60 in digital security, 53.11 in health security, 63.32
in infrastructure security, and 59.24 in personal security. Although minor crimes are the most common type of criminal activity in Jakarta, the most violent crimes are not yet rare. A high rate of organized crime has also been cited in Jakarta. Internet fraud is also believed to be on the rise, which could explain the low ranking of digital security. Block M in southern Jakarta has been proposed as a hotbed of crime in Indonesia, as well as in the port of Ancol north of Jakarta.

3. Dhaka, Bangladesh (47.37 / 100)

Dhaka is both the capital and the largest city in Bangladesh. Almost 14 million people live there. Her scores were 38.33 in digital security, 45.59 in health security, 38.42 in infrastructure security and 67.15 in personal security. All of these factors resulted in a low score of 47.37 out of 100, which places Dhaka third on the list of Asia’s most dangerous cities. Due to the geographic location of Bangladesh, the country is often used as a drug trafficking route.

2. Yangon, Myanmar (46.47 / 100)

Yangon is the capital of Myanmar, or Burma. His score can be divided by 39.07 in digital security, 45.79 in health security, 48.58 in infrastructure security and 52.43 in personal security. By these measures, Yangon is the second most dangerous city in all of Asia. Although problems such as drug trafficking are evident in Myanmar, it is important to note that the inclusion of Yangon on this list is relatively recent. The biggest drop in rankings in Yangon has been the fall in digital security.

1. Karachi, Pakistan (38.77 / 100)

Karachi, Pakistan, ranks at the bottom of the Safe Cities index, making it the most dangerous city in Asia. It recorded 43.22 in digital security, 39.92 in health security, 40.11 in infrastructure security and 31.85 in personal security. The low ranking in terms of personal security is particularly impressive for this city which has more than X million inhabitants in its surroundings. Many people in Karachi report feeling safe when walking alone, even in broad daylight. Cases of violent crime remain high and things like car hijackings are not uncommon. To make matters worse, corruption and corruption are also rampant in the city, a situation that only seems to be getting worse.

The most dangerous cities in Asia

A minor planet is a celestial object which revolves around the sun but is neither a planet nor a comet. The first minor planet was discovered in 1801. It was called Ceres and was also called a dwarf planet.

The term “minor planets” has its roots in the 1800s. The term asteroids , minor planets, and planetoids have been used interchangeably throughout history. However, the situation became more confused when the Committee for the International Astronomical Union (UAI) reclassified comets and minor planets into two new categories: small bodies in the solar system and dwarf planets. It was around this time that IAU also established a new definition of what a planet is, ultimately reclassifying Pluto as a dwarf planet.

How are small planets identified?

The ability of the minor planet to assume an approximately spherical shape is known as hydrostatic balance . The spherical shape is what distinguishes dwarf planets from smaller bodies in the solar system that have a more irregular shape. The terminologies can become even more confusing, as the IAU still recognizes the use of the name of minor planets.

The history of minor planets

Minor planets are a popular occurrence in the solar system. There are more than 400,000 registered minor planets and thousands more found every month. About 15,000 of the registered minor planets have been given official names while the rest are simply numbered. Astronomers have created symbols for the first asteroids discovered. Astronomers created symbols for 14 asteroids, some of which were very complex, such as the Symbol of Victoria . The symbol of Victoria looks like a plant that has three leaves growing out of an off-center star.

Some asteroids, such as Ceres, were named after characters from Roman and Greek mythologies. After the discovery of Pallas and Ceres, astronomers assumed that these two asteroids were two planets. Soon, astronomers ran out of mythological names and began naming asteroids after relatives of discoverers, famous people, and television figures. Most of these names were female, attributed to an anonymous tradition. As asteroids continued to increase in number, astronomers began to name them after their pets. Following the designation of a minor planet as 2309, Mr. Spock, the use of pet names was prohibited. However,

Categories of minor planets

Minor planets fall into different categories, including transneptunian objects, asteroids and centaurs. There are different types of asteroids. However, most of the asteroids are found in the asteroid belt, which is the region in the space between Jupiter and Mars. While transneptunian objects are celestial bodies that can be found in orbit beyond Neptune, centaurs are celestial bodies with unstable orbits located between Neptune and Jupiter. The categories mentioned often overlap, making the classification of these celestial bodies an arduous task. Ceres is an example: it is classified as a minor planet, a dwarf planet and also an asteroid.

Physical properties of minor planets

Little or almost nothing is known about most of the minor planets numbered and classified as asteroids. Aside from a few orbital elements and physical parameters, some of the physical characteristics of small planets are often only approximations. The physical data are determined using certain standard assumptions. For example, in addition to knowing the true densities of a few asteroids, mainly through in-depth surveys, most astronomers use enlightened riddles to determine the physical characteristics of small planets.