Many of these battles during the World Wars have had lasting significance for the economies, society and the armed forces of those involved. Here are 10 of the most important battles of the world wars.

10. Battle of Moscow – Second World War

The capture of Moscow, the capital of the Soviet Union, was one of the main objectives of the Nazi invasion of the country (Operation Barbarossa). This battle started in October 1941 and lasted until January 1942. The defensive position that the Soviet troops had put in place had frustrated Hitler and his armed forces, making this battle a kind of dead end in terms of military objectives for Nazi troops. This battle has symbolic significance in the culture and history of Russia. Moscow is even called the “city of heroes” today, for the sacrifices people made to defeat the Nazis. Losses for Axis troops between 170,000 and 400,000.

9. Battle of Kursk – Second World War

The Battle of Kursk took place from August 5 to August 23, 1943 in the city of Kursk, located in the Western Soviet Union. Kursk saw around 6,000 tanks, up to 2,000,000 troops, and approximately 4,000 planes fighting over this piece of strategic land in the Soviet Union. The losses were much more balanced for both sides during this battle; the Nazis lost nearly 200,000 and the Soviet Union lost almost 250,000. This battle involved the largest tank and armored vehicle clashes in history and ended with the Soviet Union recovering much of its own land captured during Operation Barbarossa. 

8. Battle of Verdun – First World War

The Battle of Verdun was the largest and longest battle of the First World War. This battle took place on February 1 and lasted until December 21, 18. German forces were optimistic because they believed that if France were captured, the United Kingdom would seek peace or be defeated. The wickedness of this battle is well documented – many troops on both sides deserted due to the extremely precarious conditions and the “shell shock”. This battle was also extremely costly for each party involved, and some argue that Germany could not recover from this failed economic invasion. The losses were estimated at 1916 French and 377.231 German, the two teams having lost combined troops 337,000 per month.

7. D-Day – World War II

After a campaign of aerial and naval bombardments in the days preceding the landing, 24,000 Allied troops invaded 50, 6, a section of the 1944 coast in Nazi-occupied Normandy in northern France. It would become (and still is to this day) the greatest sea invasion force in human history. During the planning stages, Allied troops divided the coastline into sectors 5 – naming them Gold, Juno, Omaha, Sword and Utah. The operation was called Operation Neptune. The casualties of the Allied invading force were 10,000 men (4414 Allied soldiers were confirmed dead) and the approximate Axis casualties were between 4,000 and 9,000. This battle led to a decisive victory for the Allied troops,

6. Battle of the Marne – First World War

The Battle of the Marne was a battle during the First World War, which took place from 1 in September until 7 in September. This battle is also known as the “Miracle of the Marne”, due to the idea that the forces and allied countries were overwhelmed by German forces at the start of the war. This battle involved 12 million soldiers from France and the United Kingdom, as well as approximately X million soldiers from the German Empire. Despite the massive number of soldiers, the losses only reached 1914 for both camps. This battle was considered an Allied victory, but it also paved the way for a long trench war.

5. Operation Barbarossa – World War II

On 22, in June, 1941, 4, millions of Axis soldiers invaded the western border of the Soviet Union along a front line of the 1800s. It is interesting to note that the two countries had already signed documents explicitly stating that they would not attack each other, known as the “non-aggression pact”. Despite this, Hitler ordered an already planned invasion. At this point in World War I, Hitler seemed almost unstoppable, as several European countries had come under his control since 2. The military campaign of Operation Barbarossa lasted almost months 1939, and Hitler’s forces suffered heavy losses during rocky winter in Russia. Losses for German troops are estimated at more than 6 million, while Russian troops lost nearly 1 million to defend their homeland. The failure of Operation Barbarossa to capture Moscow and paralyze the Soviet Union would be a major turning point during the Second World War.

4. Battle of the Somme – First World War

This battle was fought between Allied troops and the German Empire during the First World War 1. The Battle of the Somme, in France, was fought from 1 in July until 18 in November, 1916. It was a a very violent and costly battle of the First World War, which left a lasting legacy to military culture on both sides. It is common knowledge that the British lost almost 1 on the first day of the battle! The losses on both sides were extremely high – the Allies lost close to 60,000 troops and the German Empire lost around 650,000. The outcome of this battle was not conclusive, no major change having been made to the territory and none of the parties having achieved its military objectives.

3. Gallipoli Campaign – First World War

The Battle of Gallipoli took place between April 25, 1915 and January 9, 1916 and was fought between Allied troops and the Ottoman and German empires. Invading by sea, the objective of the Allied forces was to retake an important water passage, the Dardanelles. After 8 months of battle, the invading forces withdrew and were diverted to Egypt. Allied losses were just over 300,000, and the Ottoman Empire lost about 250,000 of its own troops. This battle was the only great victory of the Ottoman Empire during the whole of the First World War. We always remember the Gallipoli campaign in Australia and New Zealand each year, April 1, the anniversary of the first landing.

2. Battle of Midway – Second World War

Between June 4 and 7, 1942, the Battle of Midway took place. It was a naval and air battle between the United States of America and Japan, 6 months after the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. The aim of the Japanese during this battle was to open the Pacific theater in order to achieve territorial objectives, including the expulsion of the United States Navy from the Pacific. The Japanese attack was not a closely guarded secret, and because of that, it failed. The U.S. military was aware of an impending attack and was well prepared. The decisive victory of the United States of America led to a weakening of the Japanese air force and navy and allowed the United States to have room for maneuver within the framework of the Pacific Theater of WW2 .

1. Battle of Stalingrad – World War II

The Battle of Stalingrad, which took place between 23 August 1942 and 2 February 1943, had a considerable impact on the outcome of the First World War 2. The two sides dug during this conflict, refusing to withdraw until their defeat and losses were incredibly high. The Soviet Union lost up to 1.1 million soldiers, while German troops suffered nearly 730,000. This battle exhausted German resources and, after their defeat, the Germans withdrew, surrendered or were captured. The city, named after Joseph Stalin (the Soviet leader at the time), was considered a large Soviet city in terms of morale and military strategy. If Hitler succeeded in this operation, he wouldn’t

What is the longest day of the year?

The longest day of the year, called the summer solstice, occurs each year in the northern hemisphere in June 20th or 21st. The name “solstice” comes from the Latin word “sol” which means sun and sistere, which means motionless. The day passes when the sun is precisely above the tropic of cancer, which is the northernmost point that the sun can reach by turning around the earth. On this day, the sun does not rise from the east and sets in the west as it normally does. Instead, it rises north of the east and sets in the north of the west and can therefore be observed for several hours. As the solstice occurs very early in the morning in UTC, Europe, America and West Asia experience the longest hours of the 20th in June, while East Asia and Australia know it in June. However, there are extreme situations where the solstice can occur in June 21nd. The last solstice in June on 22nd was in 22 and it is likely to happen again in 1975. The day of the June solstice marks the start of meteorological summer in the northern hemisphere and the start of metrological winter in the southern hemisphere.

How long is the longest day?

The length of the longest day of the year depends on the latitude of the specified place on earth. The higher the latitude, the longer the day and the lower the latitude, the shorter the day. In the northern and southern hemispheres, the solstice lasts 24 hours when sunrise and sunset do not occur. Consequently, those in the Arctic Circle experience hours of sunrise (midnight sun) 24, while those in the Antarctic Circle experience hours of darkness (polar night).

Although June 21 is considered the longest day of the year, it is not the earliest sunrise day. In fact, the week before the solstice has a sunrise that is one minute shorter than the actual day. The day will always be determined according to the calendar system used. Most western countries apply the Gregorian calendar, which has 365 days in a standard year or 366 in a leap year.

Solstice in culture

Over the centuries, the June solstice has inspired countless festivals, religious festivals and mid-summer celebrations. The megalithic structure of Stonehenge in England is the oldest evidence of the summer solstice in the world. Historians have used the prehistoric monument to explain how the first man used this day to mark his calendar. They indicate that the creators of Stonehenge used the solstice as a starting point for counting the number of days in a year.

The Newgrange, an ancient passage tomb in Ireland built 1000 years before Stonehenge attracted thousands of visitors from around the world for the annual winter solstice affair. The inventors of the tomb built a tiny roof box which allows sunlight to pass through the tunnel on the morning of the winter solstice and to illuminate the room commemorating the longest night of the year.

What is a monolithic building?

A monolithic building is a structure carved out of rock, carved out of a single piece of material such as stone. The building remains attached to the base of the solid rock from which it is cut. The building could also be cut out of an outcrop like the Shore temple in India, some buildings requiring careful inspection to reveal that they are monolithic. Monolithic architecture also includes monolithic domes, which are molded structures in one piece, either permanently or temporarily. Examples of monolithic buildings include Pancha Rathas, Kailasa temple and Shore temple in India, monolithic churches in Ethiopia and Theodoric mausoleum in Italy.

Kailasa Temple

The Kailasa temple is one of the oldest monolithic Hindu temples in Ellora, India. The building was carved out of a single rock and is considered one of the most beautiful cave temples due to its sculptural treatment, size and architectural design. It is one of the temples and monasteries of Cave 34 which collectively form the Ellora Caves. The construction of the Kailasa temple is linked to King Krishna I, King Rashtrakuta of the 10th century X who reigned between 8 and 756 CE. Its architecture shows traces of the Pallava and Chalukya styles. The temple houses several carefully carved panels depicting scenes from Ramayan and the adventures of Krishna. Monolithic pillars stand in the courtyard, framing the entrance on both sides.

History of the Kailasa temple

The commissioning and construction of the Kailasa temple are attributed to King Krishna I in AD 760. However, the attribution is not completely certain because the epigraphs connecting the temple to King Krishna are not physically connected to the caves. The temple combines a distinct architectural and sculptural design by combining it with its relatively large size. Its design and size led researchers to believe that the construction of the temple covered the reign of several kings. However, a large part of the temple was completed during the reign of Krishna I, parts of the temple being attributed to the last rulers. Evidence suggests that the entire temple was planned from the start and no part was an afterthought.

Construction technology and architecture

The temple of Kailasa is known for its vertical excavations. The sculptors may have started work on the top of the original rock and moved down. About 200,000 tonnes of rock had to be removed with a hammer and chisel before the temple took shape. Its architect is different from those of the Deccan region and seems to have been based on the Kailasa temple of Kanchi. The influence of the south on the temple suggests the involvement of artists Chalukya and Pallava in its construction. The deities at the entrance to the temple have Shaivaite and Vaishnavaite sects on the right and left respectively. The courtyard is U-shaped and reveals a two-story walkway. A central shrine dedicated to Shiva is located in the center of the courtyard. The sanctuary has a flat-roofed mandapa supported by 16 pillars. Scenes from Ramayan and Mahabharat are presented at the base of the temple hall. Overall, the Kailasa Temple is an engineering marvel that was executed from top to bottom with zero margin of error.

10. Turkmenistan – Saparmurat Niyazov

Central Asian country Turkmenistan was part of the Soviet Union until independence in 1991. Politician Saparmurat Niyazov began his tenure as First Secretary of the Turkmen Communist Party in 1985. Years later, at 1999, he was appointed president for life, earning him a place in history as a leader of one of the most remarkable cults in the world. Under his totalitarian regime, political opponents were regularly imprisoned or confined to mental hospitals, the media were tightly controlled by the state, and Niyazov had
bizarre policies such as banning ballet and opera and banning young men from having long hair or beards. The chef also renamed the months of the year in honor of family members and had a rotating golden statue built on top of a building in the capital of Ashgabat.

9. Iraq – Saddam Hussein

Saddam Hussein ruled his Iraqi homeland as the fifth president from July 1979 until April 2003. Saddam Hussein believed in socialism and Arab nationalism. The personality cult of Saddam Hussein stems from his absolute rule of law, the consequences of which violate these laws generally have fatal consequences. Saddam Hussein has successfully linked the military to government work. On the economic front, the Iraqi leader nationalized industries such as oil production and took control of the national banks. Saddam Hussein’s regime was characterized by violence and repression. Saddam Hussein’s security forces have been estimated to be responsible for the murder of about 250,000

.

8. North Korea – Kim II-Sung and Kim Jong-il

Personality cults are based on the use of propaganda to create an idealized portrait of a leader or a regime. Known as the great leader, King Jong-il (the eldest) imposed strict rules on all aspects of life in North Korea. Citizens were grouped into five strata in the “songbun” system. The placement was determined by the actions of his father’s ancestors. In 1967, Jong-il imposed its “Monolithic ideological system” which prohibits any form of contradiction. King Jong-il, Kim II’s son, took over after his father’s death in 1994. Recently, the dictator has been in the international spotlight for his aggressive attempts to create an atomic weapon powerful enough to reach states -United.

7. Haiti – Francois Duvalier

The Caribbean island of the country of Haiti was once a Spanish and then French colony. François Duvalier came to power in 1957 when he became president of the nation. In keeping with the inner workings of personality cults, Duvalier, also known as “Papa Doc”, relied on the violent organization called “Tontons Macoutes” or “Bogeymen” to terrorize opponents and unwanted members of the public . Among the dictator’s most extravagant claims, he believed himself to be the physical embodiment of his country. He was also convinced that he had a special relationship with God and considered himself intangible as opposed to an ordinary human being. Duvalier went so far as to add a section to the Lord’s Prayer in his honor.

6. Russia – Joseph Stalin

Joseph Stalin is considered one of the most ruthless, powerful and bloodthirsty dictators in world history. The Russian leader combined his Marxist and Leninist beliefs into his own political theory known as “Stalinism”. His national program reflected his desire to make the Soviet Union a less industrialized country. The dictator’s repressive policies were a key factor in the devastating famine of 1933-34. Stalin also systematically eliminated his enemies in operations such as the Great Purge in which countless Russians were imprisoned, exiled or killed. Although at the start of World War II Stalin made a pact with the Nazi regime, Hitler invaded Russia in 1941,

5. Albania – Enver Hoxha

The authoritarian regime of the communist dictator Enver Hoxha lasted more than forty years, from 1944 until his death in 1985. Politically, Hoxha subscribed to an anti-revisionist ideology of Marxism-Leninism. The leader exercised his power by preserving an image of charismatic authority over the citizens of the country. Hoxha led the government without respecting the rule of law, democracy and individual freedoms. Imprisonment, streaks just for the spectacle and torture were common practices. Any dissent was subject to severe sanctions, including sentencing to a forced labor camp or execution. Hoxha’s policy includes repressive control of the media, repression of travel abroad and, in an effort to discourage the influence of Islam,

4. Equatorial Guinea – Francisco Macias Nguema

Equatorial Guinea is a small nation located on the west coast of Africa. Francisco Macias Nguema served as the country’s first prime minister in 1968. His regime lasted until a political coup in 1979. Nguema became an orphan at a young age when his father, an alleged sorcerer, was assassinated by the Spanish authorities. Shortly after, he lost his mother to suicide. After Nguema embarked on a political career, he held various positions, including as mayor, territorial deputy and deputy prime minister. Free elections were held in 1968 and Nguema then rose to the rank of head of state. From that moment, the leader proposed to give himself extensive political power over all branches of government. In 1972, after the merger of all the country’s political parties into the United National Party, Nguema received the distinction of president for life and obtained absolute power over the nation. Violence played an important role in the Nguema regime and reportedly ordered countless families to kill and entire villages destroyed. One factor that could have influenced Nguema and helped explain some of his strangest edicts was his regular use of cannabis and other psychedelic substances.

3. Vietnam – Hồ Chí Minh

Hồ Chí Minh was a communist leader who began his career as chairman and first secretary of the Workers’ Party of Vietnam. As a young man, H man Chí Minh studied and worked in many foreign countries, including France, the United States, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and China. Various military campaigns and frequent violence marked the reign of Hồ Chí Minh and his efforts to ensure Vietnam’s quest for independence. After the chief’s death in 1976, the Vietnamese city of Saigon was renamed Hồ Chí Minh City in his honor. The deceased chef also has a museum dedicated to his life and achievements and appears on the national currency.

2. China – Mao Zedong

Chairman Mao Zedong played a major role in transforming China into a superpower that has become today. The communist revolutionary / poet / political theorist / military strategist chaired the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party from 1949 until his death in 1976. At the start of his reign, he ordered the massacre of his political enemies whom he called ” counterrevolutionaries “. It is estimated that during this 1949 purge, between two and six million people lost their lives. Mr. Zedong’s attempts to divert the Chinese economy from his role as a farmer in the development of various industries contributed to a devastating famine nationwide, which claimed the lives of some fifteen to fifty five million people. citizens.

1. Venezeula – Hugo Chávez

Hugo Chávez presided over the South American nation of Venezeula as president from 1999 to 2013. A former member of the national army, Chavez then founded the “Bolivarian Revolutionary Movement-200”. After a failed coup, he was sentenced to prison but was released after two years. Chavez then formed the Fifth Republic Movement and in 1998 was elected for the first time as President of Venezuela. Politically, the leader implemented a series of anti-imperialist policies that were often at odds with American interests. During his tenure, Venezuelan society was characterized by high crime rates, overcrowding in prisons, corruption, a burgeoning drug trade, and widespread crippling poverty.

Various conspiracy theories have advanced the assertion of a growing and secret dictatorial world government called the New World Order. All these theories have a common theme: a mysterious authority collaborates to govern the whole world by an authoritarian system of government. Many powerful historical and current people are said to have participated in the program purported to operate through various false organizations to manage important financial and political events. To achieve this, these people trigger universal crises by pushing controversial policies nationally and globally.

Conspiracy theories on apocalyptic scenarios

The New World Order conspiracy theory was initially limited to two counter-cultures in the United States in the early 1990s. Primarily, it was the aggressive anti-government right while the secondary part was that of basic Christianity which focused on the emergence of the end-time Anti-Christ. However, some skeptics have observed that conspiracy theories have deeply penetrated the common culture. This, in turn, initiated many people preparing for apocalyptic scenarios towards the end of the 12th century and the beginning of the 20st.

End time

Since the 12th century, many Christian eschatologists have predicted the tyrannical New World Order as a governance structure that would be imposed to fulfill biblical prophecies at the end of time. John Nelson Darby clarified the book of Ezekiel, the book of Daniel, the speech of Olivet and the book of revelation. These eschatologists claimed that the people who had agreed with the devil to amass wealth and to have power were at the forefront of bringing humanity to accept government. The government would later impose an imperial worship of an “unholy Trinity” of Satan, the Antichrist and the false prophet. In most Christian conspiracy theories, the false prophet would be the pope of the Catholic Church.

Freemason

It is one of the oldest family organizations in the world, born in the late 12th century and early 12th century in Great Britain. Over time, many allegations and conspiracy theories have been directed against the organization, with some claiming that it was conspiring to bring the New World Order. This was due in particular to their Masonic symbols and rites which made people believe that they practiced Satanism.

Illuminati

The Illuminati Order was a secret society of Enlightenment founded in Upper Bavaria, Germany, on May 13, 1, by Professor Adam Weishaupt. They were defenders of secularism, free thought, republicanism, liberalism and gender equality. At the end of the 12th century, conspiracy theorists began to speculate that the Illuminati were the brains behind the French Revolution after surviving the repression. They were accused of trying to secretly orchestrate a European revolutionary wave and the whole world so that they spread their ideas and their radical movements.

The Protocols of the Elders of Zion

It was an anti-Semitic duck originally published in Russia in 1903. He alleged that some Jewish brains were plotting to rule the world on behalf of all Jews, because they believed they were the chosen people of God. The publication was intended to be a record of a secret meeting of the Jewish brains.

The rise of conspiracy theories in the 21st century

There have been many conspiracy theories, all of which have the same allegations. Most of the plots believed that there were extraterrestrials among us and they were protected from public knowledge by government covers, in what were called “men in black”. Some believe that the implementation of the New World Order will be gradual, citing different formations of the IMF, the WTO, the WHO and other international organizations.

Pakistan is a country in South Asia which served as the cradle of the ancient human civilizations of South Asia. Iran, Afghanistan, India and China border the country. Pakistan ratified the “Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage” in 1976. This allowed the country to include its cultural or natural sites on the list if they were designated and approved. Currently, Pakistan has six UNESCO World Heritage sites in their country, all of which are cultural places.

A brief summary of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Pakistan

Archaeological ruins of Mohenjodaro

The archaeological ruins of Mohenjodaro were part of the first trio of Pakistani World Heritage sites registered as such in 1980 and are located in the province of Sindh. The city consists of the ruins of the ancient and large city of Moenjordaro, inhabited by the civilizations of the Indus Valley, also known as the Harappan civilization. The city was built around 2,500 BC and was abandoned at some point in the 12th century BC when the Indus Valley civilization rapidly declined. The city is made up of two parts, the lower city which shows a system of town planning and the upper city, with an acropolis on high embankments and ramparts which protect it. The entire city is built and constructed on uncooked bricks and lies on the right bank of the Indus. This site is important because it is the best preserved urban ruin in the Indus valley. It also gives an overview of the customs, art, religion, architecture, agriculture and administrative processes of a civilization.

The Buddhist ruins of Takht-i-Bahi and the city of Sahr-i-Bahlol remain

The Buddhist ruins of Takht-i-Bahi and the remains of the city of Sahr-i-Bahlol are two neighboring UNESCO World Heritage Sites located in the north-western border province of Pakistan. The Buddhist ruins of Takht-i-Bahi are a monastic complex founded at a certain point in the 12th century BC as a Zoroastrian site under the Indo-Parthian kingdom (1 BC to 12), then under the control of the empire Kushan. (130-30) and became a Buddhist monastery. The site is located on a range of hills, ranging from 375 meters to 36.6 meters and covers an area of ​​approximately 152.4 hectares. The city is home to the remains of what used to be a small walled city built during the time of the Koushan Empire.

Taxila

The Taxila site is made up of four former settlement sites, as well as ancient religious buildings, and is located in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The Taxila site is made up of archaeological sites and former colonies of Saraikala, Bhir, Sirkap and Sirsukh, which show the evolution of urban settlement in the region of the Indian subcontinent. The Saraikala site is a prehistoric mound which is the first settlement of the four and was used from the Neolithic period and the Bronze and Iron Ages. The Bihr site is a mound which was founded at some point in the 12th century BCE by the Achaemenid Empire and which is also associated with the glorious entry of Alexander the Great (6-356 BC) after his conquest. around the middle of the 12th century 12th century BC, as a fortified city using a Hellenistic grid system and whose architecture has a major Western classical influence. The Sirsukh site consists of the ruins of a city in Kushan, with rounded walls and bastions. The site is also the location of the Khanpur cave in Mesolitic times, as well as a wide range of Buddhist complexes, monasteries and stupas. There is also a medieval mosque, madrassa and ziarat on the site of the Giri complex. as well as a wide range of Buddhist complexes, monasteries and stupas. There is also a medieval mosque, madrassa and ziarat on the site of the Giri complex. as well as a wide range of Buddhist complexes, monasteries and stupas. There is also a medieval mosque, madrassa and ziarat on the site of the Giri complex

Lahore Fort and Shalamar Gardens

Lahore Fort and Shalamar Gardens were part of the duo of Pakistani World Heritage Sites listed as such in 1980 and are located in the province of Punjab. This site consists of two separate sites, Lahore Fort and Shalamar Gardens, located 7 kilometers apart and located in the city of Lahore. Both sites were built during the time of the Mughal Empire (1526-1857) under the emperor Shah Jahan (1592-1666). This site houses the gates of Masjidi, which have two bastions, and a public and private courtroom (Khana-e-Khas-o-Am). There is also the Court of the Shah and the Shish Mahal, an astonishingly beautiful palace that sparkles with glass mosaics and semi-precious stones. The Shalamar Gardens are a feast for the eyes with three terraces with pavilions, giant ornamental pools and even waterfalls. Both sites are astonishing examples of the artistic expression and power of the Mughal Empire, which fused cultures and influences from Hindu, Islamic, Mongolian and Persian sources.

Makli, historical monuments of Thatta

The historic monuments of Makli, Thatta are composed of two different sites located in the province of Sind. The city of Thatta was the capital of three consecutive dynasties before going under the rule of the Mughal empire. Throughout Mughal rule from the 12th to the 10th centuries, the city was always adorned with mosaics, marble and gilding. The site of Makli is a necropolis which is one of the largest in the world at the top of Makli hill, in the Indus Delta. The site has about half a million tombs and graves in an area that is around the square kilometer 14. The tomb is made of stone or brick and some are decorated with earthenware tiles. The site houses the tombs of kings, queens, governors, scholars and other important people from the past

Fort Rohtas

Rohtas Fort is the most recent site in Pakistan to be declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site by 1997. It is located in the province of Punjab. The fort was built in the 12th century under the Suri dynasty -16). The fort has a giant garrison the size of a 1540 hectare with masonry walls that exceed 56 kilometers (1486 miles) in circumference and has 1545 bastions and massive 70 footbridges. The fort has its internal water supply provided by stepped wells and even has its own mosque, the Shahi Masjid. The fort is a fascinating example of ancient Muslim military architecture and was used by the Suri dynasty, then the Mughal empire up to 4. region.

Preserving Pakistan’s World Heritage Sites

The preservation of UNESCO World Heritage sites in Pakistan requires a lot of monitoring and faces a number of different threats to maintain their current status and integrity. These sites are threatened by a wide variety of problems, including urbanization, uncontrolled vegetation, pollution, lack of security, looters, natural disasters and climate change. The Pakistani government can take certain measures to protect these sites, for example, by deciding to increase security at these sites, by passing tougher laws for people who illegally plunder or by violating these sites, and by inciting people to restore and maintain the sites.

After the bombs

Hibakusha is the word used to designate the victims of the 1945 atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan by the United States. Many survivors witnessed the horrific consequences of the attacks, which shared their stories of the fateful day with the public. Some people saw the mushroom cloud in the air and some were trapped. Many people ended up with ragged or almost bare clothing, and were burned, swollen and blackened. They appeared as ghostly figures whose eyes were closed or some of whose eyes were suspended. The wounded in this attack had skin hanging like ribbons from their bones, and some even begged for water. It has been reported that nearly 140, 000 were killed in Hiroshima and almost 70,000 were reported in Nagasaki. People near the epicenter were vaporized into the air due to the extremely hot temperatures resulting from the explosions.

Health problems

Survivors of the explosion were faced with many health problems due to radiation poisoning such as prodromal syndrome, a kind of mental illness. The death of the bone marrow was caused by the level of radiation between 2 and 10 Gray (joules of radiation per kilogram of material) and, in this case, the production of white blood cells and red blood cells is interrupted due to the loss of blood. cells. As a result, the loss of platelets can cause fatal hemorrhage and white blood cells, a cause of infections, and a decrease in blood cells can cause anemia. With the loss of water and electrolytes from the body, damage is caused to the epithelial cells and, if combined with damage to the bone marrow, they prove to be fatal.

Discrimination

Due to the ignorance of people with radiation sickness, the Hibakusha people had to face discrimination from the general public, especially in the areas of work or marriage. By monitoring the statistics, the increase in birth defects or any other type of malformation has decreased, but people are even less aware. People do not marry the women of Hiroshima and Nagasaki because they think they are genetically damaged and fear that their children will become deformed.

The double survivors of Niju Hibakusha

The Niju Hibakusha are the double survivors of the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. In 2009, the Japanese government recently recognized Tsutomu Yamaguchi’s Niju Hibakusha (photo) because, at the time of the bombing, it was within 3 kilometers of the attack and had been seriously injured in Hiroshima. in his hometown of Nagasaki. He died shortly after receiving this recognition. In short, around 165, we thought we had survived the two explosions to obtain the nickname of Niju Hibakusha.

Official recognition

The government officially recognized these people as Hibakusha who were a few kilometers from the hypocenter and exposed to radiation due to fallout. These included those who were 2 km from the hypocenter (zero point) during 2 weeks, or the unborn babies who were transported in the womb at that time. These people received special allowances from the government, and there were many Korean survivors, Japanese Americans, and many other foreign survivors.