North America is a continent located in the northern and western hemispheres. The continent is the third largest, behind Asia and Africa, and covers an area of ​​approximately 24,709,000 square kilometers. A large part of North America’s land is entirely covered by water, as it borders the Arctic Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, respectively to the north, east and At the South-East. The land is also covered by numerous lakes, some of which are among the largest in the world.

Great Lakes in North America

Lake Superior

The largest lake in North America is Lake Superior. Originally, the name of the lake did not refer to its enormous size, but the first French explorers qualified it as “superior lake”, because it was the only lake upstream of the other Great Lakes of America North. However, in the 1760s, the British anglicized the name of lake to Lake Superior in reference to its massive size. Lake Superior is the largest freshwater lake in the world and covers a total area of ​​82,100 square miles.

Lake Huron

Lake Huron is the second largest lake in North America and covers a total area of ​​59,590 square kilometers. Lake Huron receives its main entrance from Lake Superior, via the St. Mary’s River, and discharges its waters into Lake Erie. Lake Huron is the third largest freshwater lake in the world. It is located mainly between Lake Michigan and Lake Ontario, which are the third and eighth largest lakes in North America, respectively.

Lake Michigan

Lake Michigan is the third largest lake in North America and covers a total area of ​​58,000 square kilometers, an area slightly smaller than Lake Huron. However, Lake Michigan is the second largest lake in North America, after Lake Superior.

Lake ontario

Lake Ontario covers an area of ​​18,960 square kilometers, making it the eighth largest lake in North America. Lake Ontario is the fifth deepest among the Great Lakes in North America and has a volume of 1,640 cubic kilometers. Lake Ontario is the fourteenth largest lake in the world. Although it is the smallest of the Great Lakes in terms of area, Lake Ontario exceeds Lake Erie in volume.

Lake Erie

Lake Erie covers a total area of ​​25,700 square kilometers and is the fourth largest among the Great Lakes in North America, but the sixth largest of all lakes in North America. In terms of volume, Lake Erie is the smallest of the Great Lakes, measuring 484 cubic kilometers.

The Great Lakes of North America

The lakes mentioned above are among the largest lakes in North America. Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Ontario and Lake Erie are classified as the Great Lakes of North America. They are described as the Great Lakes because they are among the most important natural features of the North American continent, as well as the world. It is a series of freshwater lakes located in east-central North America. However, some lakes in North America are larger, such as Great Bear Lake, which is larger than Lake Ontario and Lake Erie.

The largest lakes in North America

The Middle Ages was the era marked by the beginning of the High Middle Ages and ended with the end of the late Middle Ages. Historians believe that the beginning of the Middle Ages began in the 12th century AD and ended in the 12th century AD. The beginning of the Middle Ages was preceded by the decline of the Western Roman Empire and the collapse of Rome between the 6nd and the 10th century AD. The population of the Roman Empire declined dramatically in the 10th century X, partly due to the famines and constant invasions of neighboring tribes.

Early Middle Ages

In the early Middle Ages, the Byzantine Empire peaked in the 12th century AD, marked by the rise of Emperor Constantine I in 4 CE, who established the city of Constantinople as the seat of power. Another notable event in the early Middle Ages was the rise of Islam and the establishment of caliphates in the Middle East during the 12th century. These caliphs were engaged in sporadic wars with the Byzantine Empire, which included an unsuccessful siege of Constantinople in 330 CE. The period also saw the rise of the Vikings, who led large-scale raid expeditions across Europe. The High Middle Ages are sometimes called the Age of Darkness, illiteracy being widespread and, consequently, few written documents of the time.

High Middle age

The High Middle Ages was the period of European history which followed the beginning of the Middle Ages and began in the 12th century and ended in the 12th century. The period saw the growth of the Byzantine Empire with its capital, Constantinople, continuing its reign as the largest city in Europe. The High Middle Ages were characterized by increased migration from rural areas to cities, which led to the growth of cities across Europe. The High Middle Ages saw the spread of Christianity across the continent, from Great Britain to Scandinavia, as well as the split of the Catholic Church at 11 into the Western Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church. The Islamic-Christian conflict intensified in the High Middle Ages, the Christian kingdoms engaging in military campaigns in the “Holy Land” known as the Crusades, the intention of which was to drive out the Islamic Caliphates from Palestine. The 12th century Renaissance took place during the High Middle Ages, when important social, economic and political transformations took place.

Late Middle Ages

The end of the Middle Ages marked the end of the Middle Ages and ushered in the modern era in Europe. The end of the Middle Ages took place between the 10th century and the beginning of the 12th century. The notable event of the late Middle Ages was the decline of the Byzantine Empire and the fall of Constantinople in 14, which led to the rise of the Ottoman Empire. The end of the Middle Ages also saw the growth of the Serbian empire, as well as the invention of the printing press. However, Europe, in general, experienced a period of decline at the end of the Middle Ages, while the continent was entangled in a civil war.

McDonald’s is one of the most popular fast food chains in the world. It is the second largest private employer in the world and the largest restaurant chain in terms of income. Two-thirds of restaurant revenue is collected by the franchise outside the United States. The fast food restaurant has around 36,900 in 100 countries, serving 60,000 people daily. McDonald’s is known for its burgers, chicken products and fries among other products. Although fast food seems to have its presence everywhere, there are 90 countries that do not have one. Some of these countries once had McDonald’s, but it had to close for economic or political reasons. Below are some of the countries without McDonald’s restaurants.

Country without McDonald’s Restaurants

Countries in Africa without McDonald’s

Although Africa is one of the most populous continents and a growing demand for fast food, McDonald’s is only present in four of the 54 countries, namely Morocco, Egypt, South Africa and the Mauritania. Combined, these four countries have outlets 387. In perspective, Mexico has more McDonald’s restaurants than all of Africa combined in outlets 393. Since the start of the new millennium, talks have taken place to open McDonald’s outlets in countries such as Ghana, Zimbabwe, and possibly Kenya, but the plans have since been abandoned. For now, anyone in Africa who wants to enjoy the McDonald’s burger will have to travel to the north or south of the continent.

Countries in Asia without McDonald’s

There are a considerable number of McDonald’s outlets in Asia with countries such as Japan, China and Korea, which have hundreds of outlets. However, several countries on the continent are deprived of the popular restaurant chain. North Korea, Iran and Afghanistan are among the Asian countries that lack McDonald’s products.

Countries that have closed McDonald’s restaurants

Iceland is one of the most prominent countries in Europe without any McDonald’s. The small country closed all outlets following the collapse of their currency (Icelandic krona) in 2009. The country’s economic crisis at the time resulted in high costs of importing food products demanded by McDonald’s.

Macedonia had six outlets that operated for about six years before being closed due to a dispute between the European headquarters of McDonald’s and the company that operated the franchise in Macedonia.

McDonald’s outlets in Bolivia, which had operated in the country in the 14s, were closed due to political instability that prevented the company from making a profit.

In Bermuda, the construction of a sales outlet was halted due to constant protests and the law prohibiting the establishment of a franchised restaurant in the country.

Why is McDonald’s not in these countries?

Although most of these countries have a potential market for fast food, the lack of disposable income of citizens is considered a major setback in the creation of outlets in these countries. In some countries like Macedonia, McDonald’s has not established or closed outlets for political reasons. In Iceland, outlets were closed due to the economic crisis that hit the country in 2009. Some countries like Nigeria are unable to access McDonald’s services due to lack of supply chain adequate, as they are very far from countries with McDonald’s restaurants.

Country without McDonald’s Restaurants

The first half of 2018 saw dramatic fluctuations in the prices of gasoline and diesel. Fuel prices have steadily increased; a situation that has been observed not only in Europe but worldwide. These fuel fluctuations result from variations in the world market and the erratic nature of exchange rates. Europe has particularly experienced significant price changes, with the Netherlands leading the list of countries with the most expensive fuel in Europe.

The most expensive fuel in Europe

Netherlands

Dutch motorists have faced increasing fuel prices. Between March and June, 2018, gasoline prices increased steadily to a maximum of 1.98 on May 28. A liter of gasoline sold at 1.94 in June, while diesel sold at a price of 25 per liter on the same day. The average price of gasoline at that time was $ 1.59 per liter. Petroleum product taxes explain the costly trips to fuel pumps across the country.

Italy

Fuel prices in Italy are high for both diesel and petrol. Gas pumps posted the highest price in June The 11th sold a liter of gasoline at 1.93 and diesel at 1.79. High taxation also influences fuel prices in Italy. However, these high fuel prices are also linked to the Italian love for vehicles. World Bank data shows the number of cars in the country at 682 for every 1,000 people. These statistics explain the high demand for fuel and the fact that Italy is one of the main manufacturers of vehicles with high fuel consumption does not help to counter demand.

Greece

Greece is among the top ten countries where fuel prices have been the highest in Europe for more than ten years. The highest price recorded in the first six months was 1.94 per liter of petrol and 1.67 per liter for diesel. The disparity in the cost of diesel and gasoline is linked to demand. Greece has a significantly higher demand for petrol than diesel. The taxation of petroleum products has made some Greeks unable to use their cars repeatedly.

Denmark

The Danish market saw fuel prices rise to a high of 1.92 per liter of gasoline and 1.70. The cost of living in Denmark is generally high and owning a vehicle is almost impossible, so there are not many motorists. The demand for gasoline is lower than that of other countries. This fact, combined with the high taxes levied on petroleum products, has forced petroleum companies to raise their prices to achieve their profit targets.

Comparative data

The UK has reported more favorable fuel prices than France, whose pump prices increased in the second quarter of 2018. Sweden, Portugal, Finland and Ireland rank first list of countries with high fuel prices, all with prices above $ 1.75. Some European countries use the taxes levied on fuel prices to reduce the environmental impact of petroleum products. Norway has been cited as intending to ban gasoline cars by the year 2025. The cost of fuel in Norway is therefore also very high.

European countries with the most expensive fuel

Mummies are deceased humans or other organisms whose organs and skin have been preserved intentionally or unintentionally, exposing them to very low humidity, chemicals, lack of air, or extreme cold . Mummies have been discovered on almost every continent, either as a result of natural preservation through the use of rare conditions, or as cultural artifacts. 

The mummies found in Egypt date back several centuries because the Egyptians learned the art and science of mummification.

you will learn in below article following points:

Famous Egyptian Mummies

7 Steps of Mummification

Who Invented Mummification ?

How were mummies made ?

what are mummies Wrapped In ?

Also Read: Top 10 Amazing and Wonderful Bridges in the World

Why did the Egyptians preserve their dead like mummies?

In ancient Egypt, the first mummies were created naturally due to the environment in which they were buried. Before the 3500 BCE era, the Egyptians had no interest in social class, so they buried all of their dead in shallow pits. By burying their dead in shallow pits, the hot desert weather and dry sand helped dehydrate the corpses and leave room for natural mummification.

ALSO READ: The Seven Wonder of the Ancient World

Ancient Egyptian religion made natural preservation of the dead as an integral part of their culture and rituals as early as 3400 BC. It symbolized and ensuring that the dead live well in the afterlife. Over time, this cultural hierarchy has seen the creation of sophisticated graves and embalming methods.

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Even though scientists were not able to correctly describe the mummification process through the use of modern technology, they were able to discover new information about the methods used in.mummification. 

A good example is the series of CT scans performed on a 2,400-year-old mummy. In 2008, a tool was discovered left in the cranial cavities of the mummy’s skull.

Also Read: Richest People in the World 2020 list

Tutankhamun was an Egyptian pharaoh who ruled between 1332-1323 BC according to conventional chronology. King Tut was from the 18th dynasty which ruled during the period of the new kingdom. 

In 1922, Lord Carnarvon and Howard Carter discovered the almost intact tomb of King Tut who received world press coverage. For this reason, the tomb sparked a new public interest in ancient Egypt and the mask of Tutankhamun and remains a popular symbol in the Egyptian museum.

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Ramesses I

Ramses I was the founding pharaoh of the 19th dynasty of ancient Egypt. He ruled from 1292 to 1290BC and his short reign marked Egypt’s transition from stabilization in the last 18th dynasty to the rule of powerful pharaohs. The mummy of Ramses I was discovered in 1817 but was later stolen by the family of grave robbers from Abu-Rasul. The mummy is believed to have been exhibited in a museum in Canada for many years before being discovered and repatriated to Egypt.

Hatshepsut

Hatshepsut was the fifth pharaoh of the 18th dynasty of ancient Egypt. Historically, she is confirmed to be the second pharaoh woman. Hatshepsut has reigned longer than any other female pharaoh and is known to be one of the most successful pharaohs. The year of the discovery of the tomb of Hatshepsut remains unknown to this day.

Ramses II

Ramses II, also known as Ramses the Great, was the third pharaoh of the 12th Egyptian Dynasty. Ramses II is known to have been the greatest and most famous pharaoh of the Egyptian empire. The tomb of Ramses was discovered at 19, in the Valley of the Kings, in an unusual place that was previously and periodically damaged by flash floods.

Other remarkable pharaoh mummies

Over 53 notable Egyptian mummies have been discovered so far. Throughout history there have been numerous finds of tombs containing some of the most remarkable mummies from ancient Egypt. Some Egyptian mummies have been found to be remarkably intact, while others have been ravaged by grave robbers or natural hazards.

Famous Egyptian Mummies

7 Steps of Mummification

Who Invented Mummification ?

How were mummies made ?

what are mummies Wrapped In ?

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The Countries Of!

Lung cancer is defined by the rapid virulent growth of cells in an individual’s lungs. This condition is further aggravated if left untreated. The metastasis could then spread by spreading the growth of the cancer into neighboring tissues until it reaches an incurable stage. The main cause or cause of this disease is long-term smoking. Environmental factors such as exposure to asbestos, radon gas, air pollution and secondhand smoke also trigger the disease. Genetic factors may also play a role in an individual’s susceptibility to the disease. Treatment options depend on the type and level of cancer.

Countries with the highest cancer rates

The prevalence of lung cancer in men in some countries has been attributed to many factors such as smoking, the environment and genetics. Three types of cancer are identified with these factors: carcinoid lung tumor, small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. The prognosis for treatment depends on the correct identification of the type of cancer. Current treatments include chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgery. Recovery depends on the health of the individual and the tolerance to side effects of the treatment method used.

Smoking is estimated to be responsible for 85% of all types of lung cancer and is the highest among Hungarian men in Hungary at around 76.6% at age-standardized rate per 100,000 (world). It also has the highest consumption of cigarettes per capita in the world. Armenia has the second highest rate of lung cancer in men in the world at 72.9%. Armenian men also smoke cigarettes at a higher rate. FYR Macedonia is third with 71.3% of its men diagnosed with lung cancer. He also has a high consumption of tobacco. Serbia is fourth with around 70.3% of people with lung cancer among its male population. Half of its male population smokes cigarettes. Turkey is fifth with around 63. 9% of its male population diagnosed with lung cancer. As of 2016, his social security agency refused to pay for treatments for lung cancer. Montenegro is sixth with approximately 62.4% of its men in its population diagnosed with lung cancer. Statistics also show that these countries rank first for lung cancer in men: Poland (60.5%), Kazakhstan (59.2%), Romania (58.8%) and Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of (58.5%).

Lung cancer symptoms and statistics

Some studies have shown a ban on smoking and a proper diet to reduce the risk of lung cancer, although no direct correlation has been proven. The American Cancer Society recently released its cancer facts for 2016. It shows that newly diagnosed cancers have reached a total of 1,685,210 cases in the United States alone, with cancer deaths reaching approximately 595,690 people.

People with lung cancer have difficulty managing their daily routine because of the symptoms that accompany their condition. Wheezing, coughing, frequent mucus and shortness of breath make their lives difficult. Treatment options, such as chemotherapy, cause intolerable side effects that are well known to many knowledgeable people. Continued medical and hospital costs also add to the patient’s next of kin or family. Quitting smoking completely is the only way to prevent lung cancer today. The diagnosis of lung cancer always comes too late because the disease is only detected in its later stages.

Countries with the highest rates of lung cancer in men

Istanbul, formerly Constantinople and Byzantium, is a transcontinental city in Eurasia (Europe and Asia) which dates back to 660 BCE. Although not the capital, Istanbul is the cultural, economic and historical center of Turkey and the most populous city in the country. Istanbul is a historic city that continues to honor and preserve its heritage as the ancient capital of three empires: Roman Empire, Byzantine Empire and Ottoman Empire. In addition to the historic heritage of the city, it also offers modern facilities and continues to project future developments.

Geography

Istanbul spans the Bosphorus Strait, between the Black Sea and the Sea of ​​Marmara. The Bosphorus Strait separates Europe and Asia and connects the Black Sea to the Sea of ​​Marmara. The European part of the city, Thrace, is the economic and historic center, while Anatolia is the Asian part of the city. Nationally, the city is located in the Marmara region in northwestern Turkey, and covers an area of ​​2,063 square miles. Istanbul is close to the border of the Eurasian and African plates, near the North Anatolian fault, responsible for many earthquakes during the history of Istanbul.

City architecture

Istanbul has several examples of historic Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman architecture, and is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The building of this city serves as a chronology representing the different cultures and empires that have lived in the region. The Dolmabahçe Palace, used during the Ottoman Empire, serves as the seat of government. Another historic building, the Topkapi Palace, built in the 15th century, is now a museum. The remaining Roman architecture includes the obelisk (fourth century) and the column of Constantine (330 CE). Examples of Byzantine architecture include the Church of Saints Sergius and Bacchus, Stoudios Monastery, Chora Church, Pammakaristos Church and Hagia Sophia. Among the examples of Ottoman architecture,

Demography

As of 2015, Istanbul had a population of 14,657,434, with approximately 98% of the metropolitan area residents living within the city limits. 65% of the population lives on the European side of the city and the rest lives in Asia. The city’s population is growing at 3.45% per year, a figure that reflects the rate of urbanization in Turkey. Only 28% of city dwellers are from Istanbul. The majority of the population is Muslim, especially Sunni Islam, while the largest Christian denomination is Eastern Orthodoxy. There are many ethnic minorities, the largest being the Kurds, who have between two and three million inhabitants. Bosnians, Jews and Levantines are other important immigrant groups.

Weather

Due to the city’s location in a climate transition zone, the Koppen classification indicates that Istanbul has a borderline humid subtropical climate ( Cfa ), Mediterranean climate ( Csa ) and oceanic climate ( Cfb). The city’s climate is further complicated by the existence of several microclimates because the city has coasts on two unique bodies of water. Parts of the north side of the city indicate climates characteristic of humid oceanic and subtropical climates. Due to this high humidity, fog is common in the morning. The southern part is relatively drier, warmer and less humid. Rainfall is also higher in the northern part, which receives 1166.6 mm each year, while the southern part of the city receives an average annual rainfall of 635.0 mm.

There are roads in the world with the highest mortality rates and are classified as the most dangerous. Worldwide, there are around 1.3 million road deaths each year and WHO has called 2011 for 2021 a decade of action for road safety. While careful driving can prevent most fatalities, there are roads that test the bravery and skill of any driver as they have hairpin turns and some are breathtaking because they are carved from the body. side of the mountain.

10. A44, UK –

The A44 is a two-lane highway running from Oxford to Aberystwyth and is considered to be one of the most dangerous roads in the world due to fatal injuries and road accidents. More than 25% of the accidents are head-on collisions and the government has installed surveillance cameras to prevent speeding and thus encourage safe driving.

9. Luxor-al-Hurghada Road, Egypt –

The road to Luxor in Egypt crosses the southern part of the country connecting the south to the ancient city of Luxor. The road has become a deadly trap for drivers who do not turn on their headlights after sunset, marking the start of fatal accidents in the country that has established itself as one of the most dangerous roads in the world.

8. Cotopaxi Volcano, Ecuador –

Ecuador has some of the poorest road networks in the world, but the Cotopaxi volcano route is the most famous. A section of Highway 25 connects the Pan American Highway and the Cotopaxi Volcano National Park by crossing a fast moving river. The Cotopaxi volcano is still active and numerous eruptions have taken place in the past. The road with so many potholes and the rivers that experience flash floods every time it rains makes the road one of the most dangerous in the world.

7. Coastal routes, Croatia –

Croatia has one of the highest road accidents in the world, with an annual average of 11,650 road accidents. Speeding and congestion on the Adriatic coast roads, associated with blind turns, falling cliffs and tight turns. There is also a lack of railings on the road, making it one of the most dangerous roads in the world.

6. Zoji La Pass, India –

Zoji La Pass is a road in India connecting Kashmir and Ladakh. The road is a mountain pass with an altitude of 3,528 meters above sea level in the Himalayan mountain range. It is one of the most dangerous roads in the world because it is narrow, has no barriers and experiences heavy snowfall and strong winds. The road is often closed in winter. There were numerous landslides on the road and, in 2009, 350 people who were stranded were rescued by the police.

5. Pan American Highway, Costa Rica –

The Pan American Highway is the longest motorized highway in the world, stretching from North America to South America and covering almost 30,000 miles. Only a small part of this route crosses Costa Rica. This part of the road in Costa Rica has claimed the name of the most dangerous road, locally called the hill of death. This road has steep cliffs, narrow curves, landslides and flash floods.

4. National Highway 22, India –

National highway 22 in India spans 459 km and is one of the most dangerous roads in the world. The road is characterized by heavy traffic, poor bridges and tunnels and dangerous cliffs. The road is narrow, poorly maintained and has many hairpin bends combined with heavy traffic all year round, making it a nightmare to drive on the road.

3. BR-116, Brazil –

BR-116 is a federal highway in Brazil nicknamed the highway to hell. The route runs from north to south of Brazil and is one of the longest in the country. The road has many blind spots, unstable weather conditions in the area and steep cliffs are some of the factors that cause several deaths along the road each year.

2. Sichuan-Tibet Road, China –

The Sichuan-Tibet highway is a road between Tibet and Chengdu and, inside the area, there are rock avalanches, adverse weather conditions and landslides because they are at altitude. All these factors contribute to making the road one of the most dangerous in the world. It is estimated that there are 7,500 deaths for every 100,000 pilot.

1. The Northern Yungas Route, Bolivia –

The road is in Bolivia and was built by prisoners of war from Paraguay in 1930, which stretches for kilometers roughly north of Bolivia. The road is not paved, has no railings and has sharp hairpin curves and, just off the road, is a 40 foot drop cliff. The local road is known as the way of death, and over 3000 travelers die every year on the road.